(12)：持久化存储之PV和PVC

对于NFS网络存储来说，每次配置都需要知道远端服务器IP和共享路径，似乎用起来不是那么安全和方便，于是这里引入PV和PVC的概念。

一、PV和PVC理解

1. PV: 持久化存储，对储存资源进行抽象，提供对外调用的地方；可以理解为生产者。

2. PVC: 用于调用，它不关心内部具体实现；可以理解为消费者。

二、PV和PVC的实现流程

1. Pod应用部署
2. 定义PVC（用于绑定PV）
3. 定义PV（数据存储服务器的IP及路径，具体定义了存储容量、匹配模式等）

三、创建及验证

依然需要一台作为PV的服务器，存储的服务器和k8s节点安装nfs服务。

创建PVC:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-dep1
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wwwroot
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      volumes:
      - name: wwwroot
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: my-pvc

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: my-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi

[root@master-146 nfs]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml 
deployment.apps/nginx-dep1 created
persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc created
[root@master-146 nfs]# kubectl get pod
NAME                          READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-7m885   0/1     Pending     0          16s
nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-b8sgn   0/1     Pending     0          16s
nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-g42tb   0/1     Pending     0          16s

创建PV:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: my-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  nfs:
    path: /k8s_pv/data
    server: 192.168.1.74

[root@master-146 nfs]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml 
persistentvolume/my-pv created
[root@master-146 nfs]# kubectl get pod,pvc,pv -o wide
NAME                              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-fmtf6   1/1     Running             0          64s     10.244.1.30    worker-145   <none>           <none>
pod/nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-mc2lb   1/1     Running             0          64s     10.244.1.29    worker-145   <none>           <none>
pod/nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-qtcxd   1/1     Running             0          64s     10.244.2.241   worker-144   <none>           <none>

NAME                           STATUS   VOLUME   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE   VOLUMEMODE
persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc   Bound    my-pv    5Gi        RWX                           64s   Filesystem

NAME                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM            STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE   VOLUMEMODE
persistentvolume/my-pv   5Gi        RWX            Retain           Bound    default/my-pvc                           58s   Filesystem

注意：删除的时候，要先删除pvc，才能删除pv。否则会一直卡着。

验证结果：

服务端：
[root@localhost nfs]# cd /k8s_pv/data/
[root@localhost data]# touch love
[root@localhost data]# ls
love

使用了PV的Pod:
[root@master-146 nfs]# kubectl exec -it nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-fmtf6 -- bash
root@nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-fmtf6:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
root@nginx-dep1-58b7bf955f-fmtf6:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
love