(13)：监控方案Prometheus+Grafana

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-20 10:15:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-20 10:15:46 发布

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分类专栏： K8s基础

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_36050376/article/details/119115001

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一、Prometheus+Grafana监控方案介绍

Prometheus：开源工具，可做监控、报警，本质是一个数据库，采用http协议周期性地抓取被监控组件的状态，只需要http接口接入即可；

Grafana：开源工具，可做数据分析和可视化，支持Premetheus等多种数据源。

二、部署Prometheus

首先部署一个DaemonSet，让新加入的节点也自动进入监控系统

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
          
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter

创建DaemonSet：

[root@master-146 k8s-prometheus-grafana-master]# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml 
daemonset.apps/node-exporter created
service/node-exporter created

查看结果：

[root@master-146 k8s-prometheus-grafana-master]# kubectl get svc,daemonset -n kube-system
NAME                    TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
service/kube-dns        ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   3d3h
service/node-exporter   NodePort    10.107.239.78   <none>        9100:31672/TCP           6m24s

NAME                                     DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR            AGE
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-amd64     3         3         3       3            3           <none>                   3d2h
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm       0         0         0       0            0           <none>                   3d2h
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm64     0         0         0       0            0           <none>                   3d2h
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le   0         0         0       0            0           <none>                   3d2h
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-s390x     0         0         0       0            0           <none>                   3d2h
daemonset.apps/kube-proxy                3         3         3       3            3           kubernetes.io/os=linux   3d3h
daemonset.apps/node-exporter             2         2         2       2            2           <none>                   6m24s

创建RBAC和ConfigMap：

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

[root@master-146 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f rbac-setup.yaml 
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus created
serviceaccount/prometheus created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus created
[root@master-146 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml 
configmap/prometheus-config created

创建部署prometheus的Pod和Service:

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

[root@master-146 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.deploy.yml 
deployment.apps/prometheus created
[root@master-146 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.svc.yml 
service/prometheus created

[root@master-146 prometheus]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-7ff77c879f-552lb             1/1     Running   2          41h
coredns-7ff77c879f-x7vgk             1/1     Running   4          3d3h
etcd-master-146                      1/1     Running   7          3d3h
kube-apiserver-master-146            1/1     Running   7          3d3h
kube-controller-manager-master-146   1/1     Running   7          3d3h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-54prn          1/1     Running   2          41h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-krhx4          1/1     Running   4          3d3h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qc2bg          1/1     Running   4          3d3h
kube-proxy-fgpzz                     1/1     Running   7          3d3h
kube-proxy-jz8sx                     1/1     Running   4          3d3h
kube-proxy-ms6m6                     1/1     Running   4          3d3h
kube-scheduler-master-146            1/1     Running   7          3d3h
node-exporter-bf6gv                  1/1     Running   0          20m
node-exporter-n4ssx                  1/1     Running   0          20m
prometheus-7486bf7f4b-kt2dh          1/1     Running   0          3m42s

到此，prometheus部署完成。

三、部署Grafana

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0
        name: grafana-core
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: grafana-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
   name: grafana
   namespace: kube-system
spec:
   rules:
   - host: k8s.grafana
     http:
       paths:
       - path: /
         backend:
          serviceName: grafana
          servicePort: 3000

创建Grafana：

[root@master-146 grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml 
deployment.apps/grafana-core created
[root@master-146 grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml 
service/grafana created
[root@master-146 grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-ing.yaml 
ingress.extensions/grafana created

查看结果：

[root@master-146 grafana]# kubectl get pod,svc,ingress -n kube-system
NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/coredns-7ff77c879f-552lb             1/1     Running   2          42h
pod/coredns-7ff77c879f-x7vgk             1/1     Running   4          3d3h
pod/etcd-master-146                      1/1     Running   7          3d3h
pod/grafana-core-768b6bf79c-fbmvh        1/1     Running   0          2m44s
pod/kube-apiserver-master-146            1/1     Running   7          3d3h
pod/kube-controller-manager-master-146   1/1     Running   7          3d3h
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-54prn          1/1     Running   2          41h
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-krhx4          1/1     Running   4          3d3h
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qc2bg          1/1     Running   4          3d3h
pod/kube-proxy-fgpzz                     1/1     Running   7          3d3h
pod/kube-proxy-jz8sx                     1/1     Running   4          3d3h
pod/kube-proxy-ms6m6                     1/1     Running   4          3d3h
pod/kube-scheduler-master-146            1/1     Running   7          3d3h
pod/node-exporter-bf6gv                  1/1     Running   0          35m
pod/node-exporter-n4ssx                  1/1     Running   0          35m
pod/prometheus-7486bf7f4b-kt2dh          1/1     Running   0          18m

NAME                    TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
service/grafana         NodePort    10.100.78.198   <none>        3000:32099/TCP           2m39s
service/kube-dns        ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   3d3h
service/node-exporter   NodePort    10.107.239.78   <none>        9100:31672/TCP           35m
service/prometheus      NodePort    10.109.174.60   <none>        9090:30003/TCP           11m

NAME                         CLASS    HOSTS         ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
ingress.extensions/grafana   <none>   k8s.grafana             80      2m35s

四、监控界面配置

从上的svc查看结果，访问Grafana的界面：nodePort:32099

admin/admin登录进去配置Prometheus的数据源(查看Prometheus的svc的ClusterIP和端口9090)：
在这里插入图片描述

导入数据模板（选择id为315的模板）：

在这里插入图片描述

但是装好之后，DashBoard界面没有数据，原来是集群节点的时间与浏览器的时间不同步

[root@master-146 grafana]# yum -y install ntp
[root@master-146 grafana]# ntpdate time.windows.com
26 Jul 17:44:19 ntpdate[13118]: step time server 20.189.79.72 offset 47411.023011 sec

展示一下最终效果
在这里插入图片描述