Oracle 集群sysbackup用户登陆随机报错ORA-01017

前言:

        近期处理了一起Oracle 19c集群sysbackup用户登陆随机报错ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied的问题，后面分析发现是由于集群密码文件没有共享，两个节点的密码文件不一致，导致用户通过scan ip随机分发节点时，连接到了错误密码所在的节点，进而产生了ORA-01017。

问题现象：

集群sysbackup用户登陆节点随机报错ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

问题原因:

        用户进行配置sysbackup用户的操作，但由于集群密码文件没有共享，导致两个节点的密码文件不一致，在用户通过scan ip随机分发节点时，连接到了错误密码所在的节点，进而产生了ORA-01017。

问题解决：

方法一:在集群每个节点同时执行配置sysbackup的操作，确保节点密码文件一致

alter user testbackup identified by testbackup;
grant sysbackup to testbackup;

方法二:将正确节点的密码文件拷贝到其他节点，确保集群节点密码文件配置一致

scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl1 node2@:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl2

方法三:将密码文件设置为asm共享文件

orapwd input_file='/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl1' file='+DATADG/ORCL/orapworcl' asm=y  force=y
---不需要重启数据库，密码文件会自己切换到asm路径下，可以通过GV$PASSWORDFILE_INFO进行验证

问题分析:

在节点一node1创建备份用户testbackup

create user testbackup identified by testbackup;
grant connect,resource,sysbackup to testbackup;

测试用户登陆，会出现随机登陆失败的情况

---通过scan_ip,第一次登陆成功
[oracle@node1 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/network/admin ]$ sqlplus testbackup/testbackup@orcl as sysbackup
​
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jul 18 17:21:28 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
​
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
​
​
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
​
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
---通过scan_ip,第二次登陆失败，报ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
[oracle@node1 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/network/admin ]$ sqlplus testbackup/testbackup@orcl as sysbackup
​
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jul 18 17:21:31 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
​
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
​
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
​
Enter user-name:

查看sysbackup用户密码文件的配置

---会发现，只有节点一node1有写入TESTBACKUP这个sysbackup的用户，节点二node2没有写入sysbackup用户
  1* select inst_id,username,sysbackup from gv$pwfile_users
​
   INST_ID USERNAME                                  SYSBA
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
   1 SYS                                              FALSE
   1 TESTBACKUP                                       TRUE
   2 SYS                                              FALSE

查看密码文件路径，可以发现密码文件都是节点本地存放

1* select * from GV$PASSWORDFILE_INFO
​
   INST_ID FILE_NAME              FORMAT IS_AS   CON_ID
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ----- ----------
   1 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl1    12     FALSE        0
   2 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl2    12     FALSE        0

测试通过节点vip访问登陆,节点一vip登陆没有报错，节点二vip登陆有报错ora-01017，这进一步验证了节点二密码文件有问题

---通过节点一vip登陆没有报错
[oracle@node1 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/network/admin ]$ rman target /
​
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jul 18 17:26:30 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
​
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
​
RMAN> connect target 'testbackup/testbackup@node1-vip:1521/orcl as sysbackup'
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1632283697)
RMAN> exit
​
---通过节点二vip登陆报错ora-01017
[oracle@node1 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/network/admin ]$ rman target /
​
RMAN>  connect target 'testbackup/testbackup@node2-vip:1521/orcl as sysbackup';
​
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
​
RMAN> exit
​

在节点二node2执行节点一配置sysbackup的操作

SQL> alter user testbackup identified by testbackup;
SQL> grant sysbackup to testbackup;
​
Grant succeeded.
​
​
SQL>  select * from gv$pwfile_users;
​
   INST_ID USERNAME                                  SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS SYSBA SYSDG SYSKM ACCOUNT_STATUS           PASSWORD_PROFILE
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LAST_LOGIN                    LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------
EXTERNAL_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHENTI COM   CON_ID
-------- --- ----------
   2 SYS                                    TRUE  TRUE  FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE OPEN
PASSWORD NO        0
   2 TESTBACKUP                                  FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE  FALSE FALSE OPEN
PASSWORD NO        0
​
   1 SYS                                    TRUE  TRUE  FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE OPEN
PASSWORD NO        0
​
   1 TESTBACKUP                                  FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE  FALSE FALSE OPEN
PASSWORD NO        0

再次通过节点二vip进行登陆，连接成功

RMAN> connect target 'testbackup/testbackup@node2-vip:1521/orcl as sysbackup';
​
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1632283697)
​
RMAN>  select sys_context('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA') current_schema, sys_context('USERENV', 'SESSION_USER') session_user from dual;
​
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
​
​
CURRENT_SCHEMA                                                                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SESSION_USER                                                                    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
​
SYS
SYSBACKUP
 
RMAN> exit

总结:

       sysbackup用户出现随机登陆失败ora-01017的原因为用户进行配置sysbackup用户的操作，但由于集群密码文件没有共享，导致两个节点的密码文件不一致，在用户通过scan ip随机分发节点时，连接到了错误密码所在的节点，进而产生了ORA-01017。
        可以通过以下方法修复问题
        方法一:在集群每个节点同时执行配置sysbackup的操作，确保节点密码文件一致。
        方法二:将正确节点的密码文件拷贝到其他节点，确保集群节点密码文件配置一致。
        方法三:将密码文件设置为asm共享文件。