知识脉络框图：
一、host相关
1、struct mmc_host
struct mmc_host是mmc core由host controller抽象出来的结构体，用于代表一个mmc host控制器。
* 数据结构如下：
struct mmc_host {
struct device *parent; // 对应的host controller的device
struct device class_dev; // mmc_host的device结构体，会挂在class/mmc_host下
int index; // 该host的索引号
const struct mmc_host_ops *ops; // 该host的操作集，由host controller设置，后面说明
unsigned int f_min; // 该host支持的最低频率
unsigned int f_max; // 该host支持的最大频率
unsigned int f_init; // 该host使用的初始化频率
/// 以下是和clock相关的成员
int clk_requests; /* internal reference counter */
unsigned int clk_delay; /* number of MCI clk hold cycles */
bool clk_gated; /* clock gated */
struct delayed_work clk_gate_work; /* delayed clock gate */
unsigned int clk_old; /* old clock value cache */
spinlock_t clk_lock; /* lock for clk fields */
struct mutex clk_gate_mutex; /* mutex for clock gating */
struct device_attribute clkgate_delay_attr;
unsigned long clkgate_delay;
/* host specific block data */
// 被主控制器驱动的mmc块设备数据和块相关的成员
unsigned int max_seg_size; /* see blk_queue_max_segment_size */
unsigned short max_segs; /* see blk_queue_max_segments */
unsigned short unused;
unsigned int max_req_size; /* maximum number of bytes in one req */
unsigned int max_blk_size; /* maximum size of one mmc block */
unsigned int max_blk_count; /* maximum number of blocks in one req */
unsigned int max_discard_to; /* max. discard timeout in ms */
/* private data 私有数据*/
spinlock_t lock; /* lock for claim and bus ops */ // host的bus使用的锁
struct mmc_ios ios; /* current io bus settings */ // io setting，后续说明
u32 ocr; /* the current OCR setting */ // 当前使用的ocr的值
/* group bitfields together to minimize padding */
unsigned int use_spi_crc:1;
unsigned int claimed:1; /* host exclusively claimed */ // host是否已经被占用
unsigned int bus_dead:1; /* bus has been released */ // host的bus是否处于激活状态
int rescan_disable; /* disable card detection */ // 禁止rescan的标识，禁止搜索card
int rescan_entered; /* used with nonremovable devices */ // 是否已经rescan过的标识，对应不可移除的设备只能rescan一次
struct mmc_card *card; /* device attached to this host */ // 和该host绑定在一起的card
wait_queue_head_t wq;
struct task_struct *claimer; /* task that has host claimed */ // 该host的占有者进程
struct task_struct *suspend_task;
int claim_cnt; /* "claim" nesting count */ // 占有者进程对该host的占用计数
struct delayed_work detect; // 检测卡槽变化的工作
struct wake_lock detect_wake_lock; // 检测卡槽变化的工作使用的锁
const char *wlock_name; // 锁名称
int detect_change; /* card detect flag */ // 需要检测卡槽变化的标识
struct mmc_slot slot; // 卡槽的结构体
const struct mmc_bus_ops *bus_ops; /* current bus driver */ // host的mmc总线的操作集，后面说明
unsigned int bus_refs; /* reference counter */ // host的mmc总线的使用计数
unsigned int bus_resume_flags; // host的mmc总线的resume标识
mmc_pm_flag_t pm_flags; /* requested pm features */
#ifdef CONFIG_REGULATOR
bool regulator_enabled; /* regulator state */ // 代表regulator（LDO）的状态
#endif
struct mmc_supply supply;
struct dentry *debugfs_root; // 对应的debug目录结构体
struct mmc_async_req *areq; /* active async req */ // 当前正在处理的异步请求
struct mmc_context_info context_info; /* async synchronization info */ // 异步请求的信息
unsigned int actual_clock; /* Actual HC clock rate */ // 实际的时钟频率
};- ocr值各个位代表的电压意义如下：
#define MMC_VDD_165_195 0x00000080 /* VDD voltage 1.65 - 1.95 */
#define MMC_VDD_20_21 0x00000100 /* VDD voltage 2.0 ~ 2.1 */
#define MMC_VDD_21_22 0x00000200 /* VDD voltage 2.1 ~ 2.2 */
#define MMC_VDD_22_23 0x00000400 /* VDD voltage 2.2 ~ 2.3 */
#define MMC_VDD_23_24 0x00000800 /* VDD voltage 2.3 ~ 2.4 */
#define MMC_VDD_24_25 0x00001000 /* VDD voltage 2.4 ~ 2.5 */
#define MMC_VDD_25_26 0x00002000 /* VDD voltage 2.5 ~ 2.6 */
#define MMC_VDD_26_27 0x00004000 /* VDD voltage 2.6 ~ 2.7 */
#define MMC_VDD_27_28 0x00008000 /* VDD voltage 2.7 ~ 2.8 */
#define MMC_VDD_28_29 0x00010000 /* VDD voltage 2.8 ~ 2.9 */
#define MMC_VDD_29_30 0x00020000 /* VDD voltage 2.9 ~ 3.0 */
#define MMC_VDD_30_31 0x00040000 /* VDD voltage 3.0 ~ 3.1 */
#define MMC_VDD_31_32 0x00080000 /* VDD voltage 3.1 ~ 3.2 */
#define MMC_VDD_32_33 0x00100000 /* VDD voltage 3.2 ~ 3.3 */
#define MMC_VDD_33_34 0x00200000 /* VDD voltage 3.3 ~ 3.4 */
#define MMC_VDD_34_35 0x00400000 /* VDD voltage 3.4 ~ 3.5 */
#define MMC_VDD_35_36 0x00800000 /* VDD voltage 3.5 ~ 3.6 */
- host属性（mmc_host->caps）caps1支持的属性如下
#define MMC_CAP_4_BIT_DATA (1 << 0) /* Can the host do 4 bit transfers */
#define MMC_CAP_MMC_HIGHSPEED (1 << 1) /* Can do MMC high-speed timing */
#define MMC_CAP_SD_HIGHSPEED (1 << 2) /* Can do SD high-speed timing */
#define MMC_CAP_SDIO_IRQ (1 << 3) /* Can signal pending SDIO IRQs */
#define MMC_CAP_SPI (1 << 4) /* Talks only SPI protocols */
#define MMC_CAP_NEEDS_POLL (1 << 5) /* Needs polling for card-detection */
#define MMC_CAP_8_BIT_DATA (1 << 6) /* Can the host do 8 bit transfers */
#define MMC_CAP_NONREMOVABLE (1 << 8) /* Nonremovable e.g. eMMC */
#define MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY (1 << 9) /* Waits while card is busy */
#define MMC_CAP_ERASE (1 << 10) /* Allow erase/trim commands */
#define MMC_CAP_1_8V_DDR (1 << 11) /* can support */
/* DDR mode at 1.8V */
#define MMC_CAP_1_2V_DDR (1 << 12) /* can support */
/* DDR mode at 1.2V */
#define MMC_CAP_POWER_OFF_CARD (1 << 13) /* Can power off after boot */
#define MMC_CAP_BUS_WIDTH_TEST (1 << 14) /* CMD14/CMD19 bus width ok */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR12 (1 << 15) /* Host supports UHS SDR12 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR25 (1 << 16) /* Host supports UHS SDR25 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR50 (1 << 17) /* Host supports UHS SDR50 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR104 (1 << 18) /* Host supports UHS SDR104 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_DDR50 (1 << 19) /* Host supports UHS DDR50 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_DRIVER_TYPE_A (1 << 23) /* Host supports Driver Type A */
#define MMC_CAP_DRIVER_TYPE_C (1 << 24) /* Host supports Driver Type C */
#define MMC_CAP_DRIVER_TYPE_D (1 << 25) /* Host supports Driver Type D */
#define MMC_CAP_CMD23 (1 << 30) /* CMD23 supported. */
#define MMC_CAP_HW_RESET (1 << 31) /* Hardware reset */
2、struct mmc_host_ops
mmc core将host需要提供的一些操作方法封装成struct mmc_host_ops。
mmc core主模块的很多接口都是基于这里面的操作方法来实现的，通过这些方法来操作host硬件达到对应的目的。
所以struct mmc_host_ops也是host controller driver需要实现的核心部分。
struct mmc_host_ops {
/*
* 'enable' is called when the host is claimed and 'disable' is called
* when the host is released. 'enable' and 'disable' are deprecated.
*/
int (*enable)(struct mmc_host *host); // 使能host，当host被占用时（第一次调用mmc_claim_host）调用
int (*disable)(struct mmc_host *host); // 禁用host，当host被释放时（第一次调用mmc_release_host）调用
/*
* It is optional for the host to implement pre_req and post_req in
* order to support double buffering of requests (prepare one
* request while another request is active).
* pre_req() must always be followed by a post_req().
* To undo a call made to pre_req(), call post_req() with
* a nonzero err condition.
*/
// post_req和pre_req是为了实现异步请求处理而设置的
// 异步请求处理就是指，当另外一个异步请求还没有处理完成的时候，可以先准备另外一个异步请求而不必等待
// 具体参考《mmc core主模块》
void (*post_req)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *req,
int err);
void (*pre_req)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *req,
bool is_first_req);
void (*request)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *req); // host处理mmc请求的方法，在mmc_start_request中会调用
void (*set_ios)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_ios *ios); // 设置host的总线的io setting
int (*get_ro)(struct mmc_host *host); // 获取host上的card的读写属性
int (*get_cd)(struct mmc_host *host); // 检测host的卡槽中card的插入状态
/* optional callback for HC quirks */
void (*init_card)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_card *card); // 初始化card的方法
int (*start_signal_voltage_switch)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_ios *ios); // 切换信号电压的方法
/* Check if the card is pulling dat[0:3] low */
int (*card_busy)(struct mmc_host *host); // 用于检测card是否处于busy状态
/* The tuning command opcode value is different for SD and eMMC cards */
int (*execute_tuning)(struct mmc_host *host, u32 opcode); // 执行tuning操作，为card选择一个合适的采样点
int (*select_drive_strength)(unsigned int max_dtr, int host_drv, int card_drv); // 选择信号的驱动强度
void (*hw_reset)(struct mmc_host *host); // 硬件复位
void (*card_event)(struct mmc_host *host); //
unsigned long (*get_max_frequency)(struct mmc_host *host); // 获取host支持的最大频率的方法
unsigned long (*get_min_frequency)(struct mmc_host *host); // 获取host支持的最小频率的方法
int (*notify_load)(struct mmc_host *, enum mmc_load);
int (*stop_request)(struct mmc_host *host); // 停止请求处理的方法
unsigned int (*get_xfer_remain)(struct mmc_host *host);
};
3.s3c2440 host驱动中初始化hmmc_host结构体成员的实战代码分析：
/*
* Platform driver and initialization.
*/
static void __init s3c2440mmc_host_init(struct s3c2440mmc_host *host, struct mmc_host *mmc)
{
struct s3c2440mmc_platform_data *pdata = host->pdata;
mmc->ops = &s3c2440mmc_ops;//主控制器操作函数集合
mmc->f_min = 200000;//控制器的最小时钟频率
mmc->f_max = pdata->max_freq;//控制器的最大时钟频率
mmc->ocr_avail = pdata->ocr_avail;//控制器的供电范围
mmc->caps |= pdata->capacity;//控制器的支持的特殊功能
mmc->pm_flags |= pdata->pm_flags;
#ifdef CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_BOUNCE
mmc->max_blk_count = 65535;//mmc块设备的最大块数
mmc->max_req_size = PAGE_SIZE * 16;//单个请求的最大数据长度，以字节为单位
#else
mmc->max_segs = MAX_SEGS;//
mmc->max_blk_count = 4096;//单个请求的最大块数
mmc->max_req_size = 4096 * 512; //单个请求的最大数据长度，以字节为单位
#endif
mmc->max_blk_size = 512; //mmc块设备的最大块大小
mmc->max_seg_size = mmc->max_req_size;//物理段的最大长度，以字节为单位
host->mmc = mmc;
setup_timer(&host->request_timer, s3c2440mmc_request_timeout,
(unsigned long)host);
mmc_add_host(mmc);//添加mmc host
}
参考文献:
1.《深入实践嵌入Linux系统移植 范展源 刘韬》
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