09.监听器_远方监听-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_37976731/article/details/79889422

监听器

Servlet中的相关监听器

在其相关对象（ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest）创建、销毁或者对其属性进行操作时会触发监听。

根据要实现的功能选择实现要监听的接口并配置。

Servlet中的相关的监听器

Object	Event	Listener Interface and Event Class
Web Context	Initialization and destruction	javax.servlet.ServletContextListener and ServletContextEvent
Web Context	Attribute, added, removed, or replaced	javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener and ServletContextAttributeEvent
Session	creation, invalidation, activation, passivation, timeout	javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener, javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener, and HttpSessionEvent
Session	Attribute, added, removed, or replaced	javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionBindingEvent
Request	A servlet request has started being processed by web components	javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener and ServletRequestEvent
Request	Attribute added, removed, or replaced	javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener and ServletRequestAttributeEvent

示例程序

WebContextListener.java

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

/*
 * 通过实现WebContextListener接口并在web.xml中配置，来对WebContext进行监听
 */

public class WebContextListener implements ServletContextListener {

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
        System.out.println("WebContextListener contextDestroyed "+event.getServletContext());
    }

    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        System.out.println("WebContextListener contextInitialized "+event.getServletContext());

    }


}

WebContextAttrListener.java

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;

/*对WebContext的Attribute这一属性进行监听*/

public class WebContextAttrListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {

    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("WebContextAttributeListener added name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("WebContextAttributeListener removed name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("WebContextAttributeListener replaceed name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }


}

SessionListener.java

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

/*对Session进行监听*/

public class SessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        System.out.println("SessionListener created "+event.getSession());
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        System.out.println("SessionListener destoryed "+event.getSession());
    }

}

SessionAttrListener.java

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;

public class SessionAttrListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {

    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("SessionAttributeListener added name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("SessionAttributeListener removed name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("SessionAttributeListener replaced name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

}

RequestListener.java

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;

public class RequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {

    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent event) {
        System.out.println("RequestListener destroy "+event.getServletRequest());
    }

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent event) {
        System.out.println("RequestListener init "+event.getServletRequest());
    }

}

RequestAttrListener.java

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;

public class RequestAttrListener implements ServletRequestAttributeListener {

    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("RequestAttributeListener added name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("RequestAttributeListener removeed name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("RequestAttributeListener replaceed name："+event.getName()+" value: "+event.getValue());
    }

}

测试服务（BindAttrServlet.java）

package com.li.listener;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class BindAttrServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //直接获取ServletContext
        ServletContext context=getServletContext();
        System.out.println("ServletContext add");
        context.setAttribute("context", "test-add");     //添加操作
        System.out.println("ServletContext added");
        System.out.println("ServletContext replace");
        context.setAttribute("context", "test-replace"); //替换操作
        System.out.println("ServletContext replaced");
        System.out.println("ServletContext remove");
        context.removeAttribute("context");              //移除操作
        System.out.println("ServletContxt removed");

        System.out.println("---------------");

        HttpSession session=req.getSession();
        System.out.println("Session add");
        session.setAttribute("session", "test-add");
        System.out.println("Session added");
        System.out.println("Session replace");
        context.setAttribute("session", "test-replace");
        System.out.println("Session replaced");
        System.out.println("Session remove");
        context.removeAttribute("session");
        System.out.println("Session removed");

        System.out.println("---------------");

        System.out.println("Request add");
        session.setAttribute("request", "test-add");
        System.out.println("Request added");
        System.out.println("Request replace");
        context.setAttribute("request", "test-replace");
        System.out.println("Request replaced");
        System.out.println("Request remove");
        context.removeAttribute("request");
        System.out.println("Request removed");
    }
}

HTML(index.html)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="bindAttr">请求Servlet</a>
</body>
</html>

配置文件（web.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>ProcessingForms</display-name>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.li.listener.WebContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.li.listener.WebContextAttrListener</listener-class>
    </listener> 
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.li.listener.SessionListener</listener-class>
    </listener> 
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.li.listener.SessionAttrListener</listener-class>
    </listener>  
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.li.listener.RequestListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.li.listener.RequestAttrListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>BindAttr</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.li.listener.BindAttrServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>BindAttr</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/bindAttr</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

启动Tomcat，我们能够观察到，WebContext在服务器启动的时候就已经先自动创建，待我们打开应用首页，一个Request又经历了创建，替换，销毁三个阶段，我们点击链接，接下来我们可以看到各个监听的执行。

通过网站的在线客户数

用户第一次访问时总数加一（不允许重复增加）
在用户退出时（Session）过期时总数减一
实现HttpSessionListener

配置监听（我们可以通过代买在配置文件中配置Session的最大过期时间，Tomcat默认的额过期时间是30分钟，在Tomcat的servers的配置文件中，过期时间配置单位是分钟，我们自己配置时间的单位是秒）

<!-- ==================== Default Session Configuration ================= -->
<!-- You can set the default session timeout (in minutes) for all newly   -->
<!-- created sessions by modifying the value below.                       -->

<session-config>
    <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>

示例代码

统计服务程序（SessionListener.java）

package com.li.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

/*通过SessionListener来统计在线人数，人数适合保存在ServletContext中*/

public class SessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        HttpSession session=event.getSession();

        /*让Session立马过期销毁掉：session.invalidate()*/

        /*设置Session的最大间隔时间，单位是秒：session.setMaxInactiveInterval(30)*/


        ServletContext context=session.getServletContext();
        Integer number=(Integer)context.getAttribute("total");
        if(number==null) {
            context.setAttribute("total", 1);
        }
        else {
            context.setAttribute("total", number+1);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        HttpSession session=event.getSession();
        ServletContext context=session.getServletContext();
        Integer number=(Integer)context.getAttribute("total");
        context.setAttribute("total", number-1);
    }

}

信息显示程序（ShowServlet.java）

package com.li.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session=req.getSession();
        ServletContext cxt=getServletContext();
        Integer number=(Integer)cxt.getAttribute("total");
        resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
        if(number != null) {
            resp.getWriter().write("<h3>当前的用户数量是："+number+"</h3>");
        }
        /*再设置一个超链接来刷新：超链接仍然访问的是此服务*/
        resp.getWriter().write("<a href='show'>刷新</a>");
    }
}

主页（index.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="show">查看在线人数</a>
</body>
</html>

配置文件（web.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1">
  <display-name>OnlineNumber</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

  <!-- 在配置文件中设置session的最大间隔时间，单位是分钟 -->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
    </session-config>


  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.li.listener.SessionListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.li.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet> 
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/show</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>