1.安装typescript
npm install -g typescript//全局安装 typescript
tsc -v //查看安装成功版本
tsc 自己创建的ts文件名称 //单独编译自己创建的ts转为js
2.TS的基础类型
boolean、string、number、array、null、undefined、object
tuple、enum(枚举)、void、never、any
(1)声明number
let num: number = 1
let num1: number
(2)声明string
let str: string = 'str'
let str1: string = `str`
let str2:string
(3)声明boolean
let isTrue: boolean = true
let isTrue1: boolean
(4)声明数组
let arr = [1,2,3]
let arr1: number[] = [2,3,4,5]
let arr2: Array<number> = [1,2,3,4]
let arr3: any[] = [1,"2",3,"4"]
(5)元组类型(固定类型,固定长度,使用.push时会改变这个规定)
let person1:[number,string] = [1,"张三"]
(6)enum 枚举
enum Color {
red,
yellow,
green
}
let c: Color = Color.red
enum Color1 {
red = 1,
yellow = 10,
green
}
let c1:Color1 = Color1 .red
enum Color2 {
red = "red",
yellow = "yellow",
green = "green"
}
let c2: Color2 = Color2 .red
(7)any 声明的变量可以是任何类型
let isAny: any = 66
isAny = "str"
(8)void 它表示没有任何类型,当一个函数没有返回值时,你通常会见到其返回值类型是 void
todoSomeThing:()=> void;
(9)object 对象的声明
3.高级类型
(1)union 组合类型
let union : string | number
(2) Nullable 可空类型,利用?来表示,不必传类型
let f = (message: string,code?: number)=>{
console.log(message,code)
}
f('str')
(3) Literal 预定义类型
let str: any = 666
//<string>str 将str转为string 类型
//str as string 将str转为string 类型
4.接口 Interface
interface Person {
name: string;
age: number;
}
let obj: Person = {
name:'zhangsan',
age:18
}
5.泛型Generics