力扣13罗马数字转整数（简单）python3

解题思路：
判断所有的’I’、‘X’、‘C’的右边字符是否为特殊规则，若为特殊规则则减去罗马字符相对应的数字，若为正常规则则加上该罗马字符对应的数字。

class Solution:
    def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
        num_dict = {'I':1, 'V':5, 'X':10, 'L':50, 'C':100, 'D':500, 'M':1000}
        result = 0
        for index, i in enumerate(s):
            
            if i == 'I' and index < len(s) - 1 and s[index + 1] in ('V', 'X'):
                result -= num_dict[i]
            elif i == 'X' and index < len(s) - 1 and s[index + 1] in ('L', 'C'):
                result -= num_dict[i]
            elif i == 'C' and index < len(s) - 1 and s[index + 1] in ('D', 'M'):
                result -= num_dict[i]
            else:
                result += num_dict[i]
        return result

class Solution:
    def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
        num_dict = {'I':1, 'V':5, 'X':10, 'L':50, 'C':100, 'D':500, 'M':1000}
        result = 0
        for index, i in enumerate(s):
            
            if index < len(s) -1 and s[index] < s[index + 1]:
                result -= num_dict[i]
            else:
                result += num_dict[i]
        return result

大神解题：
将所有特殊规则的形式加入字典中，没两个字符进行一个组合查找，若符合特殊规则（在字典里）则将字典中对应的数值相加，若是正常的规则则直接加对应的罗马字符对应的数字。
注：dict.get(key, default_value)

def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
    d = {'I': 1, 'IV': 3, 'V': 5, 'IX': 8, 'X': 10, 'XL': 30, 'L': 50, 'XC': 80, 'C': 100, 'CD': 300, 'D': 500,
         'CM': 800, 'M': 1000}
    return sum(d.get(s[max(i - 1, 0):i + 1], d[n]) for i, n in enumerate(s))