C++基础3：判断与循环

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-07 15:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-07 15:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++ 开发语言 opencv

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_41866121/article/details/122751882

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一、判断

1.if语句

（按照条件执行代码）

a）
int num = 10;
if (num < 5)
cout << "The number is less than 5. " << endl;
b）
if (num == 5 )
{	
    cout << "The number is 5." << endl;
}//一行可以不加{}，但多行必须加
else
    cout << "The number is not 5." << endl;
c）
if (num < 5)
    cout << "The number is less than 5." << endl;
else if (num > 10)
    cout << "The number is greater than 10." << endl;
else//前两个都不成立执行第三
    cout << "The number is in range [5, 10]." << endl;
d）
if(num < 10)
if(num < 5)
cout << "The number is less than 5" << endl;
else//与最近的if匹配
cout << "Where I'm?" << endl;

2.三目运算符

（？：）

条件？条件成立的值：条件不成立的值

3.关系表达式

Operator name	Example
equal to	a == b
not equal to	a != b
less than	a < b
greater than	a > b
less than or equal to	a <= b
greater than or equal to	a >= b

表达式成立1否则0

4.逻辑表达式

Operator name	Symbol-like operator	Keywork like operator	Example
negation	!	Not（求反）（真-）假，假—>真）	!a
AND	&&	and	a && b
Inclusive OR	\|\|	or	a \|\| b

优先级! > && > ||，括号的优先级最高

二、循环

1.while循环

语法：

while( expression )
{
    //...
}

循环到表达式为false

2.do-while循环

先做事再判断

int num = 10;
do
{
    cout << "num = " << num << endl;
    num--;
}while (num > 0);

3.break

int num = 10;
while (num > 0)
{
    if (num == 5)
        break;
    cout << "num = " << num << endl;
    num--;
}

结束while循环

4.continue

int num = 10;
while (num > 0)
{
    if (num == 5)
        continue;//死循环
    cout << "num = " << num << endl;
    num--;
}

Continue后面代码不执行跳出本次循环进入到下一次

5.for循环

for (初始化;条件;迭代表达式)

loop-statement

int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
    sum += i;
    cout << "Line " << i << endl;
}
cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;

6.for与while比较

i的作用域不一样，出for就没定义了

7.死循环

for(;;) 
{
    // some statements
    cout << "endless loop!" << endl;
}
while(true)
{
    // some statements
    cout << "endless loop!" << endl;
}

8.goto跳转（很少用）

跳到具体位置执行

float mysquare(float value)
{
    float result = 0.0f;

    if(value >= 1.0f || value <= 0)
    {
       cerr << "The input is out of range." << endl;
       goto EXIT_ERROR;
    }
    result = value * value;
    return result;

 	EXIT_ERROR:
   	//do sth such as closing files here
   	return 0.0f;
}

9.switch

switch (input_char)
{
    case 'a':
    case 'A':
        cout << "Move left." << endl;
        break;
    case 'd’:
    case ‘D':
        cout << "Move right." << endl;
        break;
    default: 
        cout << "Undefined key." << endl;
        break;
}

挨个匹配，匹配到执行下面所有代码，配不上执行default，别把break漏掉