字符数组的初始化

字符数组应该怎样初始化才最有效最安全？下面来看几个例子：

1.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7]={'/0'};
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

arrChar=
arrChar[0]=0
arrChar[1]=0
arrChar[2]=0
arrChar[3]=0
arrChar[4]=0
arrChar[5]=0
arrChar[6]=0

 

2.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7]={"/0"};
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}
输出结果：

arrChar=
arrChar[0]=0
arrChar[1]=0
arrChar[2]=0
arrChar[3]=0
arrChar[4]=0
arrChar[5]=0
arrChar[6]=0

 

3.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7]="/0";
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}
输出结果：

arrChar=
arrChar[0]=0
arrChar[1]=0
arrChar[2]=0
arrChar[3]=0
arrChar[4]=0
arrChar[5]=0
arrChar[6]=0

 

4.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7]='/0';
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}
输出结果：

编译错误。

 

5.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7];
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}
输出结果：

arrChar=
arrChar[0]=-12
arrChar[1]=111
arrChar[2]=96
arrChar[3]=0
arrChar[4]=-12
arrChar[5]=111
arrChar[6]=96

 

6.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7]={0};
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}
输出结果：

arrChar=
arrChar[0]=0
arrChar[1]=0
arrChar[2]=0
arrChar[3]=0
arrChar[4]=0
arrChar[5]=0
arrChar[6]=0

 

7.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char arrChar[7]={'0'};
    printf("arrChar=%s/n",arrChar);
    printf("arrChar[0]=%d/n",arrChar[0]);
    printf("arrChar[1]=%d/n",arrChar[1]);
    printf("arrChar[2]=%d/n",arrChar[2]);
    printf("arrChar[3]=%d/n",arrChar[3]);
    printf("arrChar[4]=%d/n",arrChar[4]);
    printf("arrChar[5]=%d/n",arrChar[5]);
    printf("arrChar[6]=%d/n",arrChar[6]);
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

arrChar=0
arrChar[0]=48
arrChar[1]=0
arrChar[2]=0
arrChar[3]=0
arrChar[4]=0
arrChar[5]=0
arrChar[6]=0

 

虽然有好几种方法能够得到同样的结果，出于可移植性的考虑，我推荐第一种方法。