redis set key的时候,我们可以指定一个过期时间,时间到了以后,这个key就会失效,再去get 这个key的value的时候,就会获取到空值。redis是怎么清理过期的key呢?
定期删除+惰性删除
- 定期删除
redis默认经过每100ms就会检查设置了过期时间的key,如果有过期,就会清理掉。但是不是每个key都会去检查,只是会随机抽取部分key进行检查。因为如果每隔100ms就检查所有的key,CPU的负载将会非常高。 - 惰性删除
如果定期删除没有扫描到的key,下次再去get的时候,会先检查一次是否过期,如果过期,就会清理该key,并且返回空。这就是惰性清理
内存淘汰机制。
当放进redis里面的数据超出或即将超出了物理机器的内存,则会触发redis内存淘汰机制。看官方redis.conf里面有这么一段话:
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select among five behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
# operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
#
# At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
# getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
说的很明白了,看不懂英文的自己翻译一下吧。