prometheus + alertmanager + PrometheusAlert实现告警

sj1163739403

于 2024-09-30 17:37:26 发布

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分类专栏： Kubernetes 文章标签： prometheus

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sj1163739403/article/details/142654105

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prometheus 收集监控数据
alertmanager 制定告警路由
PrometheusAlert 连通告警webhook

一、prometheus配置

https://prometheus.io/download/

1.1、prometheus安装

包的下载直接wget就行,放在data目录下,解压后在prometheus目录下创建config和rule目录
配置了热重启，可按需配置数据保存天数

cat >/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Service
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=root
Group=root
Type=simple
ExecStart=/data/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/data/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.enable-lifecycle  --storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus/data
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

1.2、prometheus配置文件

相同job使用了锚点省略一些重复配置，blackbox监控业务url

root@prometheus-monitor-c210:/data/prometheus# cat prometheus.yml 
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
           - 10.198.199.210:9093
rule_files:
  - "/data/prometheus/rules/*.yaml"
# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
  - job_name: 'node-exporter-ops'
    file_sd_configs:
    - files:
      - ./config/node-ops.yml
    relabel_configs: &node_relabel_configs
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      regex: (.*)
      target_label: instance
      replacement: $1
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      regex: (.*)
      target_label: __address__
      replacement: $1:9100
  - job_name: 'node-exporter-rd'
    file_sd_configs:
    - files:
      - ./config/node-rd.yml
    relabel_configs: *node_relabel_configs



  - job_name: 'blackbox'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]  # 使用的探测模块
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - https://test-1254308391.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com
        - https://www.baidu.com
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: service_url
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 10.198.199.28:9115  # Blackbox Exporter 的地址和端口

1.3、主机配置

主机配置文件放在config目录下，上面prometheus文件读取这个目录下的文件，而不是直接将target写在prometheus文件中
这些主机名配置在hosts文件中，aws可以使用route53私有托管

$ cat config/node-ops.yml 
- labels:
    service: node-ops
  targets:
  - sin-ops-logging-monitor-c210 
  - sin-ops-cicd-archery-c10

1.4、role配置

role都配置在统一目录

$ cat blackbox.yaml 
groups:
  - name: blackbox-trace
    rules:
    - alert: web服务超时了
      expr: probe_http_status_code{job="blackbox"} == 0
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: critical
        service: probe-service
      annotations:
        title: 'Service timeout ({{ $labels.service_url }}'
        description: "Service timeout ({{ $labels.service_url }})"

node-baseic role

$ cat node-basic-monitor.yaml 
groups:
  - name: node-basic-monitor
    rules:
    - alert: 主机宕机了
      expr: up{job=~"node-exporter.+"} == 0
      for: 0m
      labels:
        severity: critical
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: 'Instance down'
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】has been down for more than 1 minute"
    - alert: 服务器已重新启动
      expr: (node_time_seconds - node_boot_time_seconds) / 60 <3
      for: 0m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: '服务器已重新启动'
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】刚刚启动，请检查服务状态"
    - alert: socket数量超预期
      expr: node_sockstat_TCP_alloc >25000
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: critical
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: 'socket数量超预期'
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】socket(当前值：{{ $value }})"
# ops cpu内存告警
    - alert: CPU使用率到达%90
      expr: (1-((sum(increase(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by (instance))/ (sum(increase(node_cpu_seconds_total[5m])) by (instance))))*100 > 90
      for: 5m
      annotations:
        title: "CPU使用率到达%90"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】 5分钟内CPU使用率超过90% (当前值: {{ printf \"%.2f\" $value }}%)"
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
        service: node-basic  
    - alert: 内存使用率到达%90
      expr: (1-((node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes + node_memory_MemFree_bytes)/node_memory_MemTotal_bytes))*100 >90
      for: 3m
      annotations:
        title: "主机内存使用率超过90%"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】 内存使用率超过90% (当前使用率：{{ humanize $value }}%)"
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
        service: node-basic

    - alert: 磁盘空间剩余%15
      expr: (1-(node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint!~".*tmp|.*boot"}/node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint!~".*tmp|.*boot",service!~"benchmark" }))*100 > 90
      for: 1m
      annotations:
        title: "磁盘空间剩余%15"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】 {{ $labels.mountpoint }}分区使用率超过85%, 当前值使用率：{{ $value }}%"
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
        service: node-basic
    - alert: 主机ESTABLISHED连接数
      expr:  sum(node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab{instance!~"benchmark.+"}) by (instance) > 1000
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: 'warning'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机ESTABLISHED连接数过高"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】 ESTABLISHED连接数超过1000, 当前ESTABLISHED连接数: {{ $value }}"
    - alert: 主机TIME_WAIT数量
      expr:  sum(node_sockstat_TCP_tw{instance!~"benchmark.+"}) by (instance) > 6500
      for: 1h
      labels:
        severity: 'warning'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机TIME_WAIT连接数过高"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】 TIME_WAIT连接数超过6500, 当前TIME_WAIT连接数持续一小时: {{ $value }}"
    - alert: 主机网卡出口流量过高于150MB/s
      expr: sum by (instance, device) (rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device=~"ens.*"}[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 150
      for: 20m
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机网卡出口流量高于100MB/s"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】, 网卡: {{ $labels.device }} 出口流量超过 (> 100 MB/s), 当前值: {{ $value }}"
    - alert: 主机磁盘写入速率过高
      expr: sum by (instance, device) (rate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 150
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机磁盘写入速率过高"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】, 磁盘: {{ $labels.device }} 写入速度超过(100 MB/s), 当前值: {{ $value }}"
  
    - alert: 主机分区Inode不足
      expr: node_filesystem_files_free{fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint!~".*tmp|.*boot" } / node_filesystem_files{fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint!~".*tmp|.*boot" } * 100 < 10
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: 'warning'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机分区Inode节点不足"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】 {{ $labels.mountpoint }}分区inode节点不足 (可用值小于{{ $value }}%)"
    - alert: 主机磁盘Read延迟高
      expr: rate(node_disk_read_time_seconds_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[1m]) / rate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[1m]) > 0.1 and rate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[1m]) > 0
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: 'warning'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机磁盘Read延迟过高"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】, 磁盘: {{ $labels.device }} Read延迟过高 (read operations > 100ms), 当前延迟值: {{ $value }}ms"
  
    - alert: 主机磁盘Write延迟过高
      expr: rate(node_disk_write_time_seconds_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[1m]) / rate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[1m]) > 0.1 and rate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{device=~"nvme.+"}[1m]) > 0
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: 'warning'
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: "主机磁盘Write延迟过高"
        description: "主机: 【{{ $labels.instance }}】, 磁盘: {{ $labels.device }} Write延迟过高 (write operations > 100ms), 当前延迟值: {{ $value }}ms"
    - alert: 服务器负载高
      expr: (node_load1{instance !~ "sin-cicd-DRONE_.+"} / count without (cpu, mode) (node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="system"})) > 1
      for: 30m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        service: node-basic
      annotations:
        title: 服务器负载高
        description: "{{ $labels.instance }} 每颗cpu的平均负载到达 {{ $value }} "

1.5、热加载

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

二、alertmanager配置

2.1、alertmanager安装

安装到/data下，配置systemd启动

cat >/etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Alertmanager Service
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=root
Group=root
Type=simple
ExecStart=/data/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/data/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.2、alertmanager配置文件

这里的808是PrometheusAlert提供的webhook端口，三种不同级别的告警通知到三个机器人

cat alertmanager.yml 
global:
  resolve_timeout: 1m
route:
  receiver: 'default'
  group_by: ['alertname']
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 10s
  repeat_interval: 30m
  routes:
  - receiver: 'node-critical'
    group_wait: 10s 
    continue: true
    matchers:
      - 'service=~"node-basic|probe-service"'
      - 'severity="critical"'
  - receiver: 'node-warning'
    group_wait: 10s
    continue: true
    matchers:
      - 'service=~"node-basic"'
      - 'severity="warning"'
receivers:
  - name: 'default'
    webhook_configs:
    - url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/prometheusalert?type=fs&tpl=prometheus-fs&fsurl=https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/9264abcdc9c5'
      send_resolved: true
  - name: 'node-critical'
    webhook_configs:
    - url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/prometheusalert?type=fs&tpl=prometheus-fs&fsurl=https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/2fc0f6048e0'
      send_resolved: true
  - name: 'node-warning'
    webhook_configs:
    - url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/prometheusalert?type=fs&tpl=prometheus-fs&fsurl=https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/74dbb053ae33'
      send_resolved: true
inhibit_rules:
  - source_match:
      severity: 'critical'
    target_match:
      severity: 'warning'
    equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

三、PrometheusAlert配置

拉包https://github.com/feiyu563/PrometheusAlert
启动后配置模板

3.1、模板配置

我这里是飞书通知，所以修改飞书的模板
在这里插入图片描述

{{ range $k,$v:=.alerts }}{{if eq $v.status "resolved"}}<font color="green">**{{$v.labels.service}}恢复信息**</font>
事件: **{{$v.labels.alertname}}**
告警类型：{{$v.status}}
告警级别: {{$v.labels.severity}}
开始时间: {{GetCSTtime $v.startsAt}}
结束时间: {{GetCSTtime $v.endsAt}}
主机: {{$v.labels.instance}}
服务组: {{$v.labels.service}}
<font color="green">**事件详情: {{$v.annotations.description}}**</font>
{{else}}**{{$v.labels.service}}告警**
事件: **{{$v.labels.alertname}}**
告警类型：{{$v.status}}
告警级别: {{$v.labels.severity}}
开始时间: {{GetCSTtime $v.startsAt}}
主机: {{$v.labels.instance}}
服务组: {{$v.labels.service}}
<font color="red">**事件详情: {{$v.annotations.description}}**</font>
{{end}}
{{ end }}

优化了一下告警内容，我这里使用prometheus-fsv2发送报错，只能用v1发送，暂时没考虑k8s发送告警

3.2、优化告警标题

https://github.com/feiyu563/PrometheusAlert/blob/master/controllers/prometheusalert.go
重新定义告警Title的值，默认是配置文件指定的，但任何告警都是一个标题

        } else {
                json.Unmarshal(c.Ctx.Input.RequestBody, &p_json)
                //针对prometheus的消息特殊处理
                json.Unmarshal(c.Ctx.Input.RequestBody, &p_alertmanager_json)
        }
//大概113行
        title := p_alertmanager_json["alerts"].([]interface{})[0].(map[string]interface{})["labels"].(map[string]interface{})["alertname"].(string)

        // alertgroup
        alertgroup := c.Input().Get("alertgroup")
        openAg := beego.AppConfig.String("open-alertgroup")
        var agMap map[string]string
        if openAg == "1" && len(alertgroup) != 0 {
                agMap = Alertgroup(alertgroup)
        }