注解模拟数据库持久化框架

一、数据库持久化？

dao层的model一般会对应一个数据表，而model中的属性对应表中的字段。而在我们进行数据库的增删改查的时候，一般直接通过写SQL语句，填写增删改查字段来进行。如果我们能将model里面的属性与数据表的字段对应，将model与相应的表对应，然后注入到SQL语句中。当更改配置时，却不影响SQL的功能，不更改SQL语句。为了完成这一功能，通过注解实现最为合适。（在这里用到了JDBC、c3p0以及Spring）

二、实现过程

先看表的设计

在这里我们先给出相应的model
/* * 这里的model对应表mec_student_info,因为表的众多，所以给出接口的String类型常量 * 而下面的id数据表中对应学生的学号字段id * password对应为password * name为学生姓名name * peopleId对应数据表中的people_id(身份证号) * status为学生状态，对应status * 注意身份证号,model里面的peopleId对应数据表中的people_id * */ @MecTable(table=IMecInfoTableName.STUDENT_INFO) public class StudentModel { @MecID private String id; private String password; private String name; @MecField(field="people_id") private String peopleId; private String status; public StudentModel() { } public StudentModel(StudentModel student) { id = new String(student.id); password = new String(student.password); name = new String(student.name); peopleId = new String(student.peopleId); status = new String(student.status); } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPeopleId() { return peopleId; } public void setPeopleId(String peopleId) { this.peopleId = peopleId; } public String getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(String status) { this.status = status; } @Override public String toString() { return id + ":\npassword=" + password + "\nname=" + name + "\npeopleId=" + peopleId + "\nstatus=" + status; } }

在这里我们可以发现，其中有了三个注解，MecField、MecId、MecTable，关于这三个注解，在下面的代码中给出详细解释

/* * 用于类，指明对应的是哪个表 * */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.TYPE) public @interface MecTable { String table(); } /* * ID作为主键比较特殊，专门给一个注解作为标识 * */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.FIELD) public @interface MecID { } /* * 这个注解用于标写对应的数据表的字段名称 * 它作用于model中的属性 * 如果model中的属性与数据表对应的字段相同，则不加此注解 * 如果不相同，添加此注解，参考model中的peopleId * */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.FIELD) public @interface MecField { String field(); }

通过注解，我们将model中的属性与数据表中的字段对应了起来，而后面要做的，就是解析并且注入到SQL语句中

/* * 这个类可以说是上面studentModel里面属性的model * */ public class FieldDefination { //属性的名字 private String propertyName; //属性对应的表字段名字 private String fieldName; //属性的Field类 private Field property; //属性的类型 private Class<?> propertyType; protected FieldDefination() { } /*此方法将从数据库获取到的数据反射进来，并且注入至相应属性*/ public void setProperty(Object object, ResultSet resultSet) { property.setAccessible(true); try { String value = resultSet.getString(fieldName); if(value != null) { property.set(object, value); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } protected String getPropertyName() { return propertyName; } protected void setPropertyName(String propertyName) { this.propertyName = propertyName; } protected String getFieldName() { return fieldName; } protected void setFieldName(String fieldName) { this.fieldName = fieldName; } protected Field getProperty() { return property; } protected void setProperty(Field property) { this.property = property; } protected Class<?> getPropertyType() { return propertyType; } protected void setPropertyType(Class<?> propertyType) { this.propertyType = propertyType; } @Override public String toString() { return "[" + propertyName + " - " + fieldName + "]" + "\n成员:" + property + "\n成员类型:" + propertyType; } }

下面进行注解的解析类的贴出

/* * 此类集中处理了注解的对应关系,并且对SQL语句进行了注入 * 关于此方法的内部实现，在这里不做详解，均为基本的java方法 * 但是关于mapRow()方法，我们在Record类中进行详解 * */ public class RecordDefination <t> implements RowMapper<t> { //对应model的class private Class<?> klass; //model对应的表的名称 private String table; //属性对应FieldDefination private FieldDefination id; //装入一个map,键为field的name,值为属性对应的FieldDefination private Map<string fielddefination=""> properties; //用于判断ID的唯一性 private boolean done; protected RecordDefination(Class<?> klass) throws MultiIdException { done = false; if(!klass.isAnnotationPresent(MecTable.class)) { return; } this.klass = klass; MecTable mecTable = klass.getAnnotation(MecTable.class); this.table = mecTable.table(); properties = new HashMap<>(); Field[] fields = klass.getDeclaredFields(); for(Field field : fields) { String fieldName = field.getName(); FieldDefination fieldDefination = new FieldDefination(); fieldDefination.setProperty(field); fieldDefination.setPropertyName(fieldName); fieldDefination.setPropertyType(field.getType()); fieldDefination.setFieldName(fieldName); if(field.isAnnotationPresent(MecField.class)) { MecField mecField = field.getAnnotation(MecField.class); fieldDefination.setFieldName(mecField.field()); } if(field.isAnnotationPresent(MecID.class)) { if(done == true) { throw new MultiIdException("关键字重复！"); } done = true; id = fieldDefination; } properties.put(fieldName, fieldDefination); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public T mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int count) throws SQLException { T object = null; try { object = (T) klass.newInstance(); for(String property : properties.keySet()) { FieldDefination field = properties.get(property); field.setProperty(object, resultSet); } } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return object; } protected String getBaseQuery() { StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer("SELECT "); boolean firstField = true; for(String propertyName : properties.keySet()) { FieldDefination fieldDefination = properties.get(propertyName); if(!firstField) { stringBuffer.append(", "); } firstField = false; stringBuffer.append(fieldDefination.getFieldName()); } stringBuffer.append(" FROM "); stringBuffer.append(table); return stringBuffer.toString(); } protected String getQuery(Object id) { StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); stringBuffer.append(getBaseQuery()); Class<?> idType = this.id.getPropertyType(); stringBuffer.append(" WHERE "); stringBuffer.append(this.id.getFieldName()); if(idType.equals(String.class)) { stringBuffer.append(" = '"); stringBuffer.append(id.toString()); stringBuffer.append("'"); } else { stringBuffer.append(" = "); stringBuffer.append(id.toString()); } return stringBuffer.toString(); } } /*此类对RecordDefination进行了调用*/ @Component public class Record { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbc; /* * 此方法用于注入SQL语句，而调用的SQL语句，在RecordDefination里面，请参考 * 而jdbc.query(),返回了一个list，装有要取得的所有元素的信息 * */ public <t> List<t> list(Class<?> klass) { try { RecordDefination<t> recordDefination = new RecordDefination<>(klass); return jdbc.query(new PreparedStatementCreator() { @Override public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException { return connection.prepareStatement(recordDefination.getBaseQuery()); } }, recordDefination); } catch (MultiIdException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /* * 此方法会取得相应学号对应的学生的信息 * 请百度<t> T org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate * .queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<t> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException * 的使用 * */ public <t> T get(Class<?> klass, Object id) { T object = null; try { RecordDefination<t> recordDefination = new RecordDefination<>(klass); String SQLString = recordDefination.getQuery(id); object = jdbc.queryForObject(SQLString, recordDefination); System.out.println(object); } catch (MultiIdException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return object; } } </string></t></t></t></t></t></t></t></t></t>

贴出test的代码

public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { //下面语句仅仅是封装了Spring以及c3p0的启动 MibernateBase.start(); Record record; try { record = new SpringContextHolder().getBean(Record.class); record.get(StudentModel.class, "201604002006"); System.out.println(record.list(StudentModel.class)); } catch (SpringContextNotInitializedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

至此，基本模拟了Hibnernate的增删改查功能，也就是模拟了所谓的transaction