文件与目录管理

1.获取文件信息
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int stat (const char *path, struct stat *buf);
int fstat (int fd, struct stat *buf);
int lstat (const char *path, struct stat *buf);
struct stat {
    dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */
    ino_t st_ino; /* inode number */
    mode_t st_mode; /* permissions */
    nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */
    uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of owner */
    gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of owner */
    dev_t st_rdev; /* device ID (if special file) */
    off_t st_size; /* total size in bytes */
    blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for
    filesystem I/O */
    blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* number of blocks
    allocated */
    time_t st_atime; /* last access time */
    time_t st_mtime; /* last modification time */
    time_t st_ctime; /* last status change time */
};
2.设置文件权限
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int chmod (const char *path, mode_t mode);
int fchmod (int fd, mode_t mode);
3.设置文件所有权
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int chown (const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
int lchown (const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
int fchown (int fd, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
4.检索扩展属性
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <attr/xattr.h>
ssize_t getxattr (const char *path, const char *key, void *value, size_t size);
ssize_t lgetxattr (const char *path, const char *key, void *value, size_t size);
ssize_t fgetxattr (int fd, const char *key, void *value, size_t size);
5.设置扩展属性
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <attr/xattr.h>
int setxattr (const char *path, const char *key, const void *value, size_t size, int flags);
int lsetxattr (const char *path, const char *key, const void *value, size_t size, int flags);
int fsetxattr (int fd, const char *key, const void *value, size_t size, int flags);
6.列出文件的扩展属性
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <attr/xattr.h>
ssize_t listxattr (const char *path, char *list,size_t size);
ssize_t llistxattr (const char *path, char *list,size_t size);
ssize_t flistxattr (int fd, char *list, size_t size);
7.删除扩展属性
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <attr/xattr.h>
int removexattr (const char *path, const char *key);
int lremovexattr (const char *path, const char *key);
int fremovexattr (int fd, const char *key);
8.获取当前目录的系统调用
#include <unistd.h>
char * getcwd (char *buf, size_t size);
9.获取当前目录的C库函数
#include <unistd.h>
char * get_current_dir_name (void);
10.更改当前目录
#include <unistd.h>
int chdir (const char *path);
int fchdir (int fd);
11.创建目录
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
int mkdir (const char *path, mode_t mode);
12.移除目录
#include <unistd.h>
int rmdir (const char *path);
13.读取目录内容
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
DIR * opendir (const char *name);
14.获取给定目录流的该目录的文件描述符
#define _BSD_SOURCE /* or _SVID_SOURCE */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
int dirfd (DIR *dir);
15.从目录流中读取目录项
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
struct dirent * readdir (DIR *dir);
dirent结构体：
struct dirent {
    ino_t d_ino; /* inode number */
    off_t d_off; /* offset to the next dirent */
    unsigned short d_reclen; /* length of this record */
    unsigned char d_type; /* type of file */
    char d_name[256]; /* filename */
};
16.关闭目录流
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
int closedir (DIR *dir);
17.读取目录内容的系统调用
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/dirent.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
/*
* Not defined for user space: need to
* use the _syscall3( ) macro to access.
*/
int readdir (unsigned int fd, struct dirent *dirp, unsigned int count);
int getdents (unsigned int fd, struct dirent *dirp, unsigned int count);
18.创建硬链接
#include <unistd.h>
int link (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
19.创建符号链接
#include <unistd.h>
int symlink (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
20.解除链接
#include <unistd.h>
int unlink (const char *pathname);
21.移动文件
#include <stdio.h>
int rename (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
22.带外通讯
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int ioctl (int fd, int request, ...);
23.监视文件事件
/*初始化inotify()*/
#include <inotify.h>
int inotify_init (void);
/*增加新监视*/
#include <inotify.h>
int inotify_add_watch (int fd, const char *path, uint32_t mask);
/*inotify监视事件*/
#include <inotify.h>
struct inotify_event {
    int wd; /* watch descriptor */
    uint32_t mask; /* mask of events */
    uint32_t cookie; /* unique cookie */
    uint32_t len; /* size of ’name’ field */
    char name[]; /* null-terminated name */
};
/*删除监视*/
int inotify_rm_watch (int fd, uint32_t wd);