Java中的拦截器、过滤器、监听器用法详解
本文实例讲述了Java中的拦截器、过滤器、监听器用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
一、拦截器 :是在面向切面编程的就是在你的service或者一个方法,前调用一个方法,或者在方法后调用一个方法比如动态代理就是拦截器的简单实现,在你调用方 法前打印出字符串(或者做其它业务逻辑的操作),也可以在你调用方法后打印出字符串,甚至在你抛出异常的时候做业务逻辑的操作。
1.Struts2拦截器是在访问某个Action或Action的某个方法,字段之前或之后实施拦截,并且Struts2拦截器是可插拔的,拦截器是AOP的一种实现。
2.拦截器栈(Interceptor Stack)Struts2拦截器栈就是将拦截器按一定的顺序联结成一条链。在访问被拦截的方法或字段时,Struts2拦截器链中的拦截器就会按其之前定义的顺序被调用。
package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;
public class MyInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6410044851077844880L;
/**
* 在struts.xml <param name="lzw">struts</param>
*/
private String lzw;
public String getLzw() {
return lzw;
}
public void setLzw(String lzw) {
this.lzw = lzw;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy!");
}
@Override
public void init() {
System.out.println("init!");
}
@Override
protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor-start");
System.out.println(lzw);
String result = invocation.invoke();
System.out.println("MyInterceptor-end");
return result;
}
}
package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;
public class FirstInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-Start");
String result = invocation.invoke();
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-End");
return result;
}
}
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!--开发模式开关,本地可以设为true帮助调试问题,部署到服务器上设为false-->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false"/>
<!--务必配上该属性,否则会导致AOP注入异常-->
<constant name="struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value="true"/>
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="1000000000"/>
<package name="strutsLzw" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="lzwInterceptorA" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor">
<param name="lzw">struts</param>
</interceptor>
<interceptor name="lzwInterceptorB" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.FirstInterceptor">
</interceptor>
<!-- 定义自己的拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="myStack">
<interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptorA"></interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptorB"></interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<!-- 全局的每个action都会拦截 -->
<default-interceptor-ref name="myStack"></default-interceptor-ref>
<!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 执行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否则执行execute方法 -->
<action name="login" class="com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method="lzwTest">
<result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
<result name="failer">/error.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
或者:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="strutsLzw" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="lzwInterceptor" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor">
<param name="lzw">struts</param>
</interceptor>
</interceptors>
<!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 执行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否则执行execute方法 -->
<action name="login" class="com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method="lzwTest">
<result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
<result name="failer">/error.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/error.jsp</result>
<interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
<!--增加defaultStack 否则 验证拦截器不执行,也就是 validate 方法不执行-->
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
web.xml中加入:
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<!-- 已经过时了<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> -->
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>actionPackages</param-name>
<param-value>com.lzw.struts.action</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
package com.lzw.struts.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("=====execute=====");
if ("hello".equals(this.getUsername().trim()) && "world".equals(this.getPassword().trim())) {
return "success";
} else {
this.addFieldError("username", "username or password error");
return "failer";
}
}
@Override
public void validate() {
System.out.println("=====validate=====");
if (null == this.getUsername() || "".equals(this.getUsername().trim())) {
this.addFieldError("username", "username required");
}
if (null == this.getPassword() || "".equals(this.getPassword().trim())) {
this.addFieldError("password", "password required");
}
}
public String lzwTest() {
System.out.println("======Test====");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" >
<title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" rel="external nofollow" >
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.action" method="post">
username:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
password:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
控制台结果:
init!
2017-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
2017-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
2017-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 1699 ms
MyInterceptor-start
struts
FirstInterceptor-Start
=====validate=====
======Test====
FirstInterceptor-End
MyInterceptor-end
二、过滤器:是在java web中,你传入的request,response提前过滤掉一些信息,或者提前设置一些参数,然后再传入servlet或者struts的 action进行业务逻辑,比如过滤掉非法url(不是login.do的地址请求,如果用户没有登陆都过滤掉),或者在传入servlet或者struts的action前统一设置字符集,或者去除掉一些非法字符。主要为了减轻服务器负载,减少压力
package com.lzw.filter.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class UserAccessFilter implements Filter{
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy!");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if(session.getAttribute("user")== null && request.getRequestURI().indexOf("login.jsp")==-1 ){
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
return ;
}
chain.doFilter(req, res);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
//ApplicationFilterConfig[name=UserFilter, filterClass=com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter]
System.out.println(config.toString());
}
}
web.xml 中加入:
<filter>
<filter-name>UserFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>UserFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/jsp/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
1、拦截器是基于java的反射机制的,而过滤器是基于函数回调
2、过滤器依赖与servlet容器,而拦截器不依赖与servlet容器
3、拦截器只能对action请求起作用,而过滤器则可以对几乎所有的请求起作用
4、拦截器可以访问action上下文、值栈里的对象,而过滤器不能
5、在action的生命周期中,拦截器可以多次被调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次
在action的生命周期中,拦截器可以多次被调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次
执行顺序 :过滤前 - 拦截前 - Action处理 - 拦截后 - 过滤后。
个人认为过滤是一个横向的过程,首先把客户端提交的内容进行过滤(例如未登录用户不能访问内部页面的处理);
过滤通过后,拦截器将检查用户提交数据的验证,做一些前期的数据处理,接着把处理后的数据发给对应的Action;
Action处理完成返回后,拦截器还可以做其他过程,再向上返回到过滤器的后续操作。
三、监听器:Servlet的监听器Listener,它是实现了javax.servlet.ServletContextListener接口的服务器端程序,它也是随web应用的启动而启动,只初始化一次,随web应用的停止而销毁。
主要作用是:做一些初始化的内容添加工作、设置一些基本的内容、比如一些参数或者是一些固定的对象等等。
package com.lzw.filter.demo;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class InitDataListener implements ServletContextListener {
private static ServletContext servletContext;
public static ServletContext getServletContext() {
return servletContext;
}
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) {
servletContext = contextEvent.getServletContext();
//final ApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
System.out.println("服务器启动完毕!");
System.out.println(servletContext);
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.lzw.filter.demo.InitDataListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
控制台结果:
信息: Starting service Catalina
2017-10-31 15:13:55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42
服务器启动完毕!
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@7966340c
2017-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [“http-apr-8080”]
2017-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [“ajp-apr-8009”]
2017-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 402 ms