1. 模拟游览器,防止被发现是爬虫;因为12306的反爬虫做得很严,以常规的爬虫方式无法爬取到所需信息,因此需要模拟成浏览器来对其进行访问,使用一个浏览器打开12306的官方网站,然后从控制台将COOKIE复制出来作为本项目的header
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.96 Safari/537.36",
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Host': 'kyfw.12306.cn',
'Referer': 'https://www.12306.cn/',
'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site',
'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
"Cookie": "_uab_collina=161396635873945822102