今天看到一个例子,发现了zip的强大之处。
列表推导式可以嵌套。
考虑以下的 3x4 矩阵, 一个列表中包含三个长度为4的列表:
>>> matrix = [
... [1, 2, 3, 4],
... [5, 6, 7, 8],
... [9, 10, 11, 12],
... ]
现在,如果你想交换行和列,可以用嵌套的列表推导式:
>>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]
[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]
像前面看到的,嵌套的列表推导式是对 for 后面的内容进行求值,所以上例就等价于:
>>> transposed = []
>>> for i in range(4):
... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])
...
>>> transposed
[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]
反过来说,如下也是一样的:
>>> transposed = []
>>> for i in range(4):
... # the following 3 lines implement the nested listcomp
... transposed_row = []
... for row in matrix:
... transposed_row.append(row[i])
... transposed.append(transposed_row)
...
>>> transposed
[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]
关键的地方来了,对此种情况 zip() 函数将会做的更好,一定要注意这里的一个'*':
>>> list(zip(*matrix))
[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]
一条语句搞定矩阵行列变换。
多么简洁的语言啊,感谢PYTHON!