无向图最短路径算法(C#)实现

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   关于最短距离算法最多莫过于Dijkstra算法。能找到例子不多。书上能看到的代码大多数伪代码。
而在网上看到多代码大多是C或者C++版本,而且大多没有提供完整的代码。C#的版本也找不到,故偶自己写了些代码(权值无负值).

    书上讲的Dijkstra算法看的不太懂,大致的意思是扩散求值的算法,即从源节点一步一步求最短路径的方法。即先找到源节点到其子节点的最短距离,然后再找源节点到其二级孙级点最短距离。如此一步一步直到扩散到目标节点为止。
    先看下我构造的节点图,如下,一开始我是想求A-K的最短路径
   

       以下我构造的一些类和方法

      节点类:    

       /// <summary>
        /// 节点类
        /// </summary>
        class GNode
        {
            public string Name ;
            public List<DNode> LD;  
            public int Rank;
            public int MinDist = 0;
            public string Path = "";
            public bool BFind = false;            
            public GNode(string name) {
                this.Name = name;
                LD = new List<DNode>();                
                Rank = -1;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 设置节点级别
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="parentNode"></param>
            public void SetRank(GNode parentNode)
            {               
                if (Rank == -1)
                {
                    if (parentNode != null)
                        Rank = parentNode.Rank + 1;
                    else
                        Rank = 0;
                }
            }
            public int GetRank()
            {
                return Rank;
            }
        }

           边类     

       /// <summary>
        /// 边类,此处为没有标明边的方向。
        /// </summary>
        class DNode
        {
            string Name;
            public int Distance;
            public GNode CurrNode;
            public DNode(string name,int dist) {
                this.Name = name;
                Distance = dist;
                CurrNode = ht[name] as GNode;
                
            }
        }

      初始化节点,以上代码中的ht为节点的Hashtable集合,节点信息都存放在Hashtable中

     

      private void InitNodes()
      { 
            ///初始化
            ///
            ht= new Hashtable();
            GNode dnTemp = new GNode("A");
            ht.Add("A", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("B");
            ht.Add("B", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("C");
            ht.Add("C", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("D");
            ht.Add("D", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("E");
            ht.Add("E", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("F");
            ht.Add("F", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("G");
            ht.Add("G", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("H");
            ht.Add("H", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("I");
            ht.Add("I", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("J");
            ht.Add("J", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("K");
            ht.Add("K", dnTemp);
            dnTemp = new GNode("L");
            ht.Add("L", dnTemp);

            dnTemp = ht["A"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("B", 3));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("C", 5));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("D", 2));

            dnTemp = ht["B"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("A", 3));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("C", 4));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("E", 10));

            dnTemp = ht["C"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("A", 5));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("B", 4));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("D", 2));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("G", 6));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("F", 1));

            dnTemp = ht["D"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("A", 2));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("C", 2));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("H", 3));

            dnTemp = ht["E"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("B", 10));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("F", 4));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("I", 2));

            dnTemp = ht["F"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("C", 1));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("E", 4));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("K", 8));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("L", 2));

            dnTemp = ht["G"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("H", 8));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("C", 6));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("L", 2));

            dnTemp = ht["H"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("G", 8));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("D", 3));

            dnTemp = ht["I"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("J", 1));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("E", 2));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("K", 6));

            dnTemp = ht["J"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("I", 1));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("K", 9));

            dnTemp = ht["K"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("F", 8));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("I", 6));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("J", 9));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("L", 5));

            dnTemp = ht["L"] as GNode;
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("G", 2));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("F", 2));
            dnTemp.LD.Add(new DNode("K", 5));
        }

       初始化各节点的相对于源节点的级别
     
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化点阵的Rank
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="srcs"></param>
        private void InitRank(List<GNode> srcs)
        {
            List<GNode> nextNode=new List<GNode>();
            foreach (GNode src in srcs)
            {
                foreach (DNode dn in src.LD)
                {
                    dn.CurrNode.SetRank(src);
                    if (dn.CurrNode.Rank == (src.Rank + 1) && !nextNode.Contains(dn.CurrNode))
                        nextNode.Add(dn.CurrNode);
                }
            }
            if (nextNode.Count > 0)
                InitRank(nextNode);
        }
            

        单点的最短路径递归方法       

        /// <summary>
        /// 寻找起始节点到目标节点的最小路径,此处采用递归查找。目标节点固定,起始节点递归。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="src">起始节点,为临时递归节点</param>
        /// <param name="dest">查找路径中的目标节点</param>
        /// <param name="minx">当前查找最小路径值,此值在递归中共享</param>
        /// <param name="startDist">当前节点以src节点的距离</param>
        /// <param name="srcRank">源节点src的级别</param>
        /// <param name="path">查找中经过的路径</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string FindMinx(GNode src,GNode dest,ref int minx,int startDist,int srcRank,string path)
        {
           // string[] paths=
            int sRank = src.Rank;// dest.GetRank();
            int tmpLength,tmpRank;
            string tmpPath=null;
            string goalPath="";
            string tmpPath1,tmpPath2,tmpNodeName;
            tmpPath1=","+path+",";
            tmpPath2=","+src.Path+",";            
            foreach (DNode dn in src.LD)
            {
                tmpPath = path;
                dn.CurrNode.SetRank(src);
                tmpRank = dn.CurrNode.Rank;
                tmpNodeName = "," + dn.CurrNode.Name + ",";
                //扩散级别大于等于目标级别并且是未走过的节点。
                // had delete tmpRank >= srcRank
                //if (tmpRank >= srcRank && path.IndexOf(dn.CurrNode.Name) == -1 && src.Path.IndexOf(dn.CurrNode.Name)==-1)
                if (tmpRank > srcRank && tmpPath1.IndexOf(tmpNodeName) == -1 && tmpPath2.IndexOf(tmpNodeName) == -1)
                {
                    tmpLength = dn.Distance + startDist;                    
                    if (dn.CurrNode.Equals(dest))
                    {
                        if (minx > tmpLength)
                        {
                            minx = tmpLength;
                            tmpPath += "," + dn.CurrNode.Name;
                            goalPath = tmpPath;
                        }
                        else if (minx == tmpLength)
                        {
                            tmpPath += "," + dn.CurrNode.Name;
                            goalPath = tmpPath;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (tmpLength < minx)//路程小于最小值,查询下个子节点
                        {
                            tmpPath += "," + dn.CurrNode.Name;
                            tmpPath = FindMinx(dn.CurrNode, dest, ref minx, tmpLength, srcRank, tmpPath);
                            if (tmpPath != "")
                                goalPath = tmpPath;
                        }
                    }
                    
                }                
            }
            return goalPath;
        }
       查找最短路径(Route)方法,此处同样使用了递归算法,即算出子节点的最短路径后再算子节点的子节点的最短路径
      
 private bool FindMin(List<GNode> srcs, GNode dest)
        {            
            string tmpPath;
            int destRank = dest.GetRank();
            int tempDestRank;            
            int  minLen=0;           
            bool isFind = false;
            List<GNode> nextNodes = new List<GNode>();
                foreach (GNode src in srcs)
                {
                    if (src.Equals(dest)) return false;
                    foreach (DNode dn in src.LD)
                    {     
                        tempDestRank = dn.CurrNode.Rank;                       
                        if (tempDestRank == (src.Rank + 1))
                        {
                            if(!nextNodes.Contains(dn.CurrNode))
                            {
                                nextNodes.Add(dn.CurrNode);
                            }
                            dn.CurrNode.MinDist = src.MinDist + dn.Distance;
                            if (dn.CurrNode.Equals(dest))
                            {
                                minLen = src.MinDist + dn.Distance;
                                isFind = true;
                                //break;
                            }
                        }                       
                    }
                }
                if (isFind)
                {                    
                    foreach (GNode src in srcs)
                    {
                        tmpPath=FindMinx(src, dest, ref minLen, src.MinDist,src.Rank, "");
                        if (tmpPath != "")
                        {
                            dest.Path = src.Path + tmpPath;
                            dest.MinDist = minLen;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {                  
                    
                    foreach (GNode goal in nextNodes)
                    {
                        minLen = -1;
                        foreach (GNode src in srcs)
                        {
                            if (minLen == -1) minLen = goal.MinDist;
                            tmpPath = FindMinx(src, goal, ref minLen, src.MinDist, src.Rank, "");
                            if (tmpPath != "")
                            {
                                //dn.CurrNode.BFind = true;
                                goal.Path = src.Path + tmpPath;
                                goal.MinDist = minLen;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    FindMin(nextNodes, dest);
                }              


            return isFind;
        }

     调用与显示结果

   

            InitNodes();
            string start, end;
            if ((start=tbStart.Text.Trim()) == "") return;
            if ((end=tbEnd.Text.Trim()) == "") return;            
            gnStart = ht[start] as GNode;
            gnEnd = ht[end] as GNode;
            if (gnStart == null || gnEnd == null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("开始节点或结尾节点不正确!");
                return;
            }
            gnStart.SetRank(null);
            gnStart.BFind = true;     
            List<GNode> arrGN=new List<GNode>();
            arrGN.Add(gnStart);
            InitRank(arrGN);
            FindMin(arrGN, gnEnd);            
            tbContent.Text = gnEnd.MinDist.ToString()+"\r\n"+gnEnd.Path;//在界面显示结果


  

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对于有向无环图的最短路径问题,可以使用拓扑排序和动态规划的方法来解决。以下是一个使用 C# 编写的示例代码: ```csharp using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public class Graph { private int V; // 图中顶点的数量 private List<List<Node>> adj; // 邻接表,用于存储图的边 public Graph(int v) { V = v; adj = new List<List<Node>>(); for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) { adj.Add(new List<Node>()); } } public void AddEdge(int u, int v, int weight) { Node node = new Node(u, v, weight); adj[u].Add(node); } public void ShortestPath(int source) { int[] dist = new int[V]; for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) { dist[i] = int.MaxValue; } dist[source] = 0; // 拓扑排序 Stack<int> stack = new Stack<int>(); bool[] visited = new bool[V]; for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) { if (!visited[i]) { TopologicalSortUtil(i, visited, stack); } } // 计算最短路径 while (stack.Count > 0) { int u = stack.Pop(); if (dist[u] != int.MaxValue) { foreach (var node in adj[u]) { if (dist[u] + node.Weight < dist[node.V]) { dist[node.V] = dist[u] + node.Weight; } } } } // 输出最短路径 Console.WriteLine("顶点\t距离"); for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) { Console.WriteLine(i + "\t" + dist[i]); } } private void TopologicalSortUtil(int v, bool[] visited, Stack<int> stack) { visited[v] = true; foreach (var node in adj[v]) { if (!visited[node.V]) { TopologicalSortUtil(node.V, visited, stack); } } stack.Push(v); } private class Node { public int U { get; set; } // 边的起始顶点 public int V { get; set; } // 边的结束顶点 public int Weight { get; set; } // 边的权重 public Node(int u, int v, int weight) { U = u; V = v; Weight = weight; } } } public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { int V = 6; // 图中顶点的数量 Graph graph = new Graph(V); graph.AddEdge(0, 1, 2); graph.AddEdge(0, 4, 1); graph.AddEdge(1, 2, 3); graph.AddEdge(4, 2, 2); graph.AddEdge(4, 5, 4); graph.AddEdge(2, 3, 6); graph.AddEdge(5, 3, 1); int source = 0; graph.ShortestPath(source); } } ``` 在这个示例代码中,我们首先创建了一个有向无环图对象,然后使用`AddEdge`方法添加图的边。然后,我们调用`ShortestPath`方法来计算从给定源顶点到其他顶点的最短路径。最后,我们输出了所有顶点的最短路径。 请注意,这里的示例代码使用了拓扑排序和动态规划的思想来解决有向无环图的最短路径问题。这种方法适用于没有负权边的图。如果图中存在负权边,则需要使用其他算法,如 Bellman-Ford 算法或 Dijkstra 算法的变种。
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