《Unix环境高级编程》这本书附带了许多短小精美的小程序,我在阅读此书的时候,将书上的代码按照自己的理解重写了一遍(大部分是抄书上的),加深一下自己的理解(纯看书太困了,呵呵)。此例子在Ubuntu10.04上测试通过。
程序简介:这个例子是一个会发生死锁的程序。
//《APUE》程序14-2:加锁和解锁一个文件区域
//《APUE》程序14-4:死锁检测实例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
sig_atomic_t sigflag; /* set nonzero by sig handler */
sigset_t newmask, oldmask, zeromask;
//输出错误信息并退出
void error_quit(const char *str)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", str);
exit(1);
}
static void sig_usr(int signo) /* one signal handler for SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 */
{
sigflag = 1;
}
void TELL_WAIT(void)
{
if (signal(SIGUSR1, sig_usr) == SIG_ERR)
error_quit("signal(SIGUSR1) error");
if (signal(SIGUSR2, sig_usr) == SIG_ERR)
error_quit("signal(SIGUSR2) error");
sigemptyset(&zeromask);
sigemptyset(&newmask);
sigaddset(&newmask, SIGUSR1);
sigaddset(&newmask, SIGUSR2);
/*
* Block SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2, and save current signal mask.
*/
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &newmask, &oldmask) < 0)
error_quit("SIG_BLOCK error");
}
void TELL_PARENT(pid_t pid)
{
kill(pid, SIGUSR2); /* tell parent we're done */
}
void WAIT_PARENT(void)
{
while (sigflag == 0)
sigsuspend(&zeromask); /* and wait for parent */
sigflag = 0;
/*
* Reset signal mask to original value.
*/
int temp = sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL);
if (temp < 0)
error_quit("SIG_SETMASK error");
}
void TELL_CHILD(pid_t pid)
{
kill(pid, SIGUSR1); /* tell child we're done */
}
void WAIT_CHILD(void)
{
while (sigflag == 0)
sigsuspend(&zeromask); /* and wait for child */
sigflag = 0;
/*
* Reset signal mask to original value.
*/
int temp = sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL);
if (temp < 0)
error_quit("SIG_SETMASK error");
}
//加锁或解锁某个文件区域
int lock_reg(int fd, int cmd, int type, off_t offset,
int whence, off_t len)
{
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = type;
lock.l_start = offset;
lock.l_whence = whence;
lock.l_len = len;
return fcntl(fd, cmd, &lock);
}
//锁住文件中的一个字节
void lockabyte(const char *name, int fd, off_t offset)
{
//在我的系统上(Ubuntu10.04),发生死锁时writew_lock并不会返回-1
if( writew_lock(fd, offset, SEEK_SET, 1) < 0 )
error_quit("writew_lock error");
printf("%s: got the lock, byte %ld\n", name, offset);
}
int main(void)
{
int fd;
pid_t pid;
fd = creat("templock", FILE_MODE);
if( fd < 0 )
error_quit("create error");
if( write(fd, "ab", 2) != 2 )
error_quit("write error");
TELL_WAIT();
pid = fork();
if( pid < 0 )
error_quit("fork error");
else if( pid == 0 )
{
lockabyte("child", fd, 0);
TELL_PARENT( getpid() );
WAIT_PARENT();
lockabyte("child", fd, 1);
}
else
{
lockabyte("parent", fd, 1);
TELL_CHILD(pid);
WAIT_CHILD();
lockabyte("parent", fd, 0);
}
return 0;
}
注解:
1:在该程序中,子进程锁住字节0,父进程锁住字节1,然后,它们又都试图锁住对方已经加锁的字节,这样就造成了死锁。
2:《Unix环境高级编程》上说:检测到死锁时,内核必须选择一个进程出错返回。但在我的系统中,父子进程都被卡住,只有当你强制中断时(Ctrl+C)时,程序才会结束。这个问题以后找个时间来研究一下。