CoreData笔记

CoreData相比较于SQLite，更具有面向对象的思想，使用更加方便，Apple官方也更推荐使用CoreData。

CoreData在使用的时候可以创建时勾选CoreData，系统会自动创建一个xcdatamodelid类型的数据库，其中可以进行数据的配置。Entity相当于一个表。通过创建NSManagerObject Subclass类型的文件来创建model。创建的model会附带一个+CoreDataProperties的类目，类目中声明了表中的所有属性。

#pragma mark - Core Data stack

@synthesize managedObjectContext = _managedObjectContext;
@synthesize managedObjectModel = _managedObjectModel;
@synthesize persistentStoreCoordinator = _persistentStoreCoordinator;

//获取数据库路径
- (NSURL *)applicationDocumentsDirectory {
    // The directory the application uses to store the Core Data store file. This code uses a directory named "jinquanbin.CoreData3_12" in the application's documents directory.
    return [[[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask] lastObject];
}

//数据库模型文件
- (NSManagedObjectModel *)managedObjectModel {
    // The managed object model for the application. It is a fatal error for the application not to be able to find and load its model.
    if (_managedObjectModel != nil) {
        return _managedObjectModel;
    }
    NSURL *modelURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"CoreData3_12" withExtension:@"momd"];
    _managedObjectModel = [[NSManagedObjectModel alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:modelURL];
    return _managedObjectModel;
}

//持久存储协调器，是context和数据库衔接的桥梁。即数据库和应用数据之间的交互（CRUD）
- (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator {
    // The persistent store coordinator for the application. This implementation creates and returns a coordinator, having added the store for the application to it.
    if (_persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) {
        return _persistentStoreCoordinator;
    }
    
    // Create the coordinator and store
    
    _persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[self managedObjectModel]];
    NSURL *storeURL = [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"CoreData3_12.sqlite"];
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSString *failureReason = @"There was an error creating or loading the application's saved data.";
    if (![_persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeURL options:nil error:&error]) {
        // Report any error we got.
        NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        dict[NSLocalizedDescriptionKey] = @"Failed to initialize the application's saved data";
        dict[NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey] = failureReason;
        dict[NSUnderlyingErrorKey] = error;
        error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"YOUR_ERROR_DOMAIN" code:9999 userInfo:dict];
        // Replace this with code to handle the error appropriately.
        // abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
        NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
        abort();
    }
    
    return _persistentStoreCoordinator;
}

//创建（获取context）
- (NSManagedObjectContext *)managedObjectContext {
    // Returns the managed object context for the application (which is already bound to the persistent store coordinator for the application.)
    if (_managedObjectContext != nil) {
        return _managedObjectContext;
    }
    
    NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *coordinator = [self persistentStoreCoordinator];
    if (!coordinator) {
        return nil;
    }
    _managedObjectContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] initWithConcurrencyType:NSMainQueueConcurrencyType];
    [_managedObjectContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator:coordinator];
    return _managedObjectContext;
}

#pragma mark - Core Data Saving support
//保存
- (void)saveContext {
    NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext = self.managedObjectContext;
    if (managedObjectContext != nil) {
        NSError *error = nil;
        if ([managedObjectContext hasChanges] && ![managedObjectContext save:&error]) {
            // Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
            // abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
            NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
            abort();
        }
    }
}

数据库路径（DocumentsDirectory）-> ManagerObjectModel -> NSPersistentStoreCoordinate -> NSManagerObjectContext。CoreData的使用过程中主要对Context进行操作，不必继续写SQLite语句。当然SQLite语句更加灵活，相对而言，CoreData的操作比较固定。

增：

User *user = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntity:@"User" inManagerObjectContext:self.managerObjecContext];

user.name  = @"Tom";

user.age = @20 //这里不能用int，float这种基本数据类型。

[self.managerObjectContext save:NULL] //就能存储数据到物理数据库。

删：

NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPridicate pridicateWithFormat:@"name = 'Tom'"];

NSFetchRequest *fetch = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName@"User"];

fetch.predicate = preidcate];

NSError *error = nil;

NSArray *result = [self managerObjectContext] excuteFetchRequest:fetch error:&error];

for (User *user in result) {

    [self.managerObjectContext deleteObject:user]

}

改：

对于修改操作，需要先查询到需要修改的object,然后对其修改，最后保存。

NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPridicate pridicateWithFormat:@"name = 'Tom'"];

NSFetchRequest *fetch = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName@"User"];

fetch.predicate = preidcate];

NSError *error = nil;

NSArray *result = [self managerObjectContext] excuteFetchRequest:fetch error:&error];

for (User *user in result)

{

      user.name = @"Jack"

}

[self.managerObjectContext save:NULL]

查：

//NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"User" inManagerObejctContext:self.managerObjectContext];

//这里还可以使用谓词进行条件查询

NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPridicate pridicateWithFormat:@"name = 'Tom'"];

NSFetchRequest *fetch = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName@"User"];

fetch.predicate = preidcate];

NSError *error = nil;

NSArray *result = [self managerObjectContext] excuteFetchRequest:fetch error:&error];