Servlet抽象类:
package javax.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
public interface Servlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;//初始化
public ServletConfig getServletConfig();//获取ServletConfig对象
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)//调用service方法
throws ServletException, IOException;
public String getServletInfo();//返回servlet的信息
public void destroy();//销毁
}
HttpServlet类:
package javax.servlet.http;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet
{
private static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
private static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";
private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
private static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
private static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";
private static final String HEADER_IFMODSINCE = "If-Modified-Since";
private static final String HEADER_LASTMOD = "Last-Modified";
private static final String LSTRING_FILE =
"javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";
private static ResourceBundle lStrings =
ResourceBundle.getBundle(LSTRING_FILE);
public HttpServlet() { }
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
String protocol = req.getProtocol();
String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
} else {
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
String protocol = req.getProtocol();
String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
} else {
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
}
}
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
String method = req.getMethod();
if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
if (lastModified == -1) {
// servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
// to go through further expensive logic
doGet(req, resp);
} else {
long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) {
// If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
// Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
// A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
doGet(req, resp);
} else {
resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
}
}
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
doHead(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
doPost(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
doPut(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
doDelete(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
doOptions(req,resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
doTrace(req,resp);
} else {
String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
errArgs[0] = method;
errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
}
}
//将ServleRerquest和ServletResponse 转化
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
if (!(req instanceof HttpServletRequest &&
res instanceof HttpServletResponse)) {
throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
}
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
service(request, response);
}
}
Servlet的生命周期:
1.加载和实例化:
在服务器运行中,客户机首次向Servlet发送请求或是重新装入Servlet时(如服务器重新启动、Servlet被修改)时Servlet容器会加载和实例化一个Servlet。当Servlet配置了自动装入选项时(load-on-startup)时,服务器在启动时会自动装入Servlet。
2.初始化
Servlet实例化后,Servlet容器会调用Servlet的init(ServletConfig config)方法来进行初始化(Servlet对象由Servlet容器创建并传递给Servlet,并在初始化完成后一直在内存中存在,直达Servlet被销毁)。
若初始化成功,Servlet在Web容器中会处于服务可用状态,若失败则被Servlet容器清理掉。
当Servlet运行出现异常的时候,Servlet容器会使该实例变为服务不可用状态。人为的也可也设置Servlet是否可用。
3.处理请求
服务器接受到客户端请求时,会为该请求创建一个“请求”和“响应”对象,并调用service()方法,service调用其他方法来处理请求。
在Servlet的生命周期内,service()方法可以被多次调用。采用多线程的方式为每个请求创建一个线程。
4.销毁
当Servlet容器需要终止Servlet(如web服务器关掉),它会调用Servlet的destroy()方法释放正在使用的资源。在调用destroy()之前,会让service()方法的任何线程完成执行或超过服务器定义的时间限制。destroy()方法完成后,Servlet容器必须释放Servlet实例以便被垃圾回收。