centos7.4如何源码安装gcc 7.3.0

1、环境：arm架构的centos7.4系统服务器

2、查看当前的gcc版本：gcc  -v

[root@aarch64vm-centos74-011 ~]# gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/aarch64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-aarch64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-aarch64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --build=aarch64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) 

3、下载gcc 7.3.0的源码：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/gcc/gcc-7.3.0/gcc-7.3.0.tar.gz

4、将源码上传至服务器然后解压

[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/gcc
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin  boost  cmake  doc  etc  games  gcc  include  lib  lib64  libexec  man  maven  mysql  sbin  share  src  tomcat
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                boost_1_59_0.tar.gz  jdk1.8.0_161                           mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz  spark-1.6.1-bin-without-hadoop.tgz
apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz  cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz   jdk-8u161-linux-arm64-vfp-hflt.tar.gz  scala-2.11.7.tgz     spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz
apache-tomcat-8.0.53.tar.gz    gcc-7.3.0.tar.gz     mysql-5.7.19                           scala-2.12.6.tgz
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 ~]# tar -xvf gcc-7.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/gcc/

5、解压完成后，编译安装gcc源码

（1）进入gcc 7.3.0目录，运行 download_prerequisites 脚本 。

[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 ~]# cd /usr/local/gcc/
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc]# ls
gcc-7.3.0
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc]# cd gcc-7.3.0/
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-7.3.0]# ls
ABOUT-NLS           config-ml.in  COPYING3         gnattools     libada        libffi       libitm         libstdc++-v3     lto-plugin          Makefile.in     NEWS
ChangeLog           config.rpath  COPYING3.LIB     gotools       libatomic     libgcc       libmpx         libtool-ldflags  ltoptions.m4        Makefile.tpl    README
ChangeLog.jit       config.sub    COPYING.LIB      include       libbacktrace  libgfortran  libobjc        libtool.m4       ltsugar.m4          MD5SUMS         symlink-tree
ChangeLog.tree-ssa  configure     COPYING.RUNTIME  INSTALL       libcc1        libgo        liboffloadmic  libvtv           ltversion.m4        missing         ylwrap
compile             configure.ac  depcomp          install-sh    libcilkrts    libgomp      libquadmath    ltgcc.m4         MAINTAINERS         mkdep           zlib
config              contrib       fixincludes      intl          libcpp        libhsail-rt  libsanitizer   ltmain.sh        maintainer-scripts  mkinstalldirs
config.guess        COPYING       gcc              LAST_UPDATED  libdecnumber  libiberty    libssp         lt~obsolete.m4   Makefile.def        move-if-change
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-7.3.0]# ./contrib/download_prerequisites
2018-07-18 16:06:03 URL: ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 [2383840] -> "./gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2" [1]
2018-07-18 16:08:29 URL: ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2 [1279284] -> "./mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2" [1]
2018-07-18 16:09:25 URL: ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz [669925] -> "./mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz" [1]
2018-07-18 16:12:42 URL: ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2 [1626446] -> "./isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2" [1]
gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2: OK
mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2: OK
mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz: OK
isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2: OK
All prerequisites downloaded successfully.
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-7.3.0]# 

（2）建立编译输出目录，将所有的中间文件都放到该目录中。

[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-7.3.0]# mkdir gcc-build-7.3.0
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-7.3.0]# cd gcc-build-7.3.0/
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-build-7.3.0]# cp ../gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 ./
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-build-7.3.0]# cp ../mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2 ./
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-build-7.3.0]# cp ../mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz ./
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-build-7.3.0]# cp ../isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2 ./
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-build-7.3.0]# ls
gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2  isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2  mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz  mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
[root@aarch64vm-centos74-010 gcc-build-7.3.0]# 

（3）配置 ：

         在当前目录执行：

          ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib 
         参数解释： 

         --enable-checking=release           //增加一些检查，也可以–disable-checking生成的编译器在编译过程中不做检查；

         --enable-languages=c,c++          //让gcc支持的编程语言 ；

         --disable-multilib               //取消多目标库编译(取消32位库编译)。

（4）make编译

当前目录执行：make  -j4

（编译时间较长，耐心等待！！！！！！！）

（5）卸载旧版本的gcc，安装gcc7.3.0

rpm -q gcc 
rpm -q gcc-c++

根据执行输出的包名执行

rpm -e [包名] 

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.aarch64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q gcc-c++
gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.aarch64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.aarch64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.aarch64

进入make的gcc目录进行安装：make install -j8

（6）验证

[root@localhost ~]# gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (GCC) 
[root@localhost ~]# g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (GCC) 
[root@localhost ~]# which gcc
/usr/local/bin/gcc
[root@localhost ~]# 

安装成功！！！

========================================*如何还原旧版本*=========================================

（1）查看当前gcc版本号

$: gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (GCC) 

$: g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (GCC) 

（2）查看旧版本的安装包

$:  rpm -q gcc
package gcc is not installed
$: rpm -q g++
package g++ is not installed

（3）yum直接安装

$:  yum install  gcc gcc-c++

如果：

rpm -q gcc和rpm -q g++有安装包，则只需配置/etc/profile文件中加

#gcc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin

进入/usr/local/bin目录，mv gcc ~和mv g++ ~

执行source /etc/profile

验证gcc是否更换

最后将~/目录下的gcc和g++移动到/usr/local/bin