摘自他出,只为学习。
Oracle关于时间/日期的操作
1.日期时间间隔操作
当前时间减去7分钟的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' MINUTE from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' MINUTE from dual
当前时间减去7小时的时间
- select sysdate - interval '7' hour from dual
select sysdate - interval '7' hour from dual
当前时间减去7天的时间
- select sysdate - interval '7' day from dual
select sysdate - interval '7' day from dual
当前时间减去7月的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' month from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' month from dual
当前时间减去7年的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' year from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' year from dual
时间间隔乘以一个数字
- select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval '2' hour from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval '2' hour from dual
2.日期到字符操作
- select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
- select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual
- select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss') from dual
- select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss') from dual
参考oracle的相关关文档(ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)
3. 字符到日期操作
- select to_date('2003-10-17 21:15:37','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
select to_date('2003-10-17 21:15:37','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
具体用法和上面的to_char差不多。
4. trunk/ ROUND函数的使用
- select trunc(sysdate ,'YEAR') from dual
- select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
- select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,'YYYY'),'YYYY') from dual
select trunc(sysdate ,'YEAR') from dual
select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,'YYYY'),'YYYY') from dual
5.oracle有毫秒级的数据类型
--返回当前时间 年月日小时分秒毫秒
- select to_char(current_timestamp(5),'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') from dual;
select to_char(current_timestamp(5),'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') from dual;
--返回当前 时间的秒毫秒,可以指定秒后面的精度(最大=9)
- select to_char(current_timestamp(9),'MI:SSxFF') from dual;
select to_char(current_timestamp(9),'MI:SSxFF') from dual;
6.计算程序运行的时间(ms)
- declare
- type rc is ref cursor;
- l_rc rc;
- l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
- l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
- begin
- for I in 1 .. 1000
- loop
- open l_rc for
- 'select object_name from all_objects '||
- 'where object_id = ' || i;
- fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
- close l_rc;
- end loop;
- dbms_output.put_line
- ( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||
- ' seconds...' );
- end;
declare
type rc is ref cursor;
l_rc rc;
l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
begin
for I in 1 .. 1000
loop
open l_rc for
'select object_name from all_objects '||
'where object_id = ' || i;
fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
close l_rc;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line
( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||
' seconds...' );
end;
7、add_months()用于从一个日期值增加或减少一些月份
1〉获得若干分钟前的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate - N/(60*24) from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate - N/(60*24) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' minute from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' minute from dual
2〉获得若干分钟后的时间 s
- elect sysdate,sysdate + N/(60*24) from dual;
elect sysdate,sysdate + N/(60*24) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' minute from dual
select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' minute from dual
注释:"N"表示需要减去或者加上的分钟数
3〉获得若干秒前的时间 s
- elect sysdate,sysdate - N*0.00001 from dual;
elect sysdate,sysdate - N*0.00001 from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - N/(60*60*24) from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate - N/(60*60*24) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' second from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' second from dual
4〉获得若干秒后的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate + N*0.00001 from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate + N*0.00001 from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - N/(60*60*24) from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate - N/(60*60*24) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' second from dual
select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' second from dual
注释:"N"表示需要减去或者加上的秒数
注释:N*0.00001 等价于 N/(60*60*24)
5〉获得若干小时前的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate - N*/24 from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate - N*/24 from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' hour from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' hour from dual
6〉获得若干小时后的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate + N*/24 from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate + N*/24 from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' hour from dual
select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' hour from dual
注释:"N"表示需要减去或者加上的小时数
7〉获得若干月之后同一时间
- select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,N) from dual;
select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,N) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' month from dual
select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' month from dual
8〉获得若干月之前的同一时间
- select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,-N) from dual;
select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,-N) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' month from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' month from dual
注释:"N"表示需要减去或者加上的月数
9〉获得某个日期所在月份的第一天
- select sysdate,trunc(sysdate,'mm') from dual;
select sysdate,trunc(sysdate,'mm') from dual;
10〉获得某个日期所在年的第一天
- select sysdate,trunc(sysdate,'yyyy') from dual;
select sysdate,trunc(sysdate,'yyyy') from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,to_date(to_char((to_number(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')) * 100 + 1) * 100 + 1),'yyyymmdd') from dual
select sysdate,to_date(to_char((to_number(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')) * 100 + 1) * 100 + 1),'yyyymmdd') from dual
11〉获得某个日期所在年的最后一天
- select sysdate,to_date((to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') || '1231'),'yyyymmdd') from dual;
select sysdate,to_date((to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') || '1231'),'yyyymmdd') from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,to_date(to_char((to_number(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy'))* 100 + 12) * 100 + 31),'yyyymmdd') from dual
select sysdate,to_date(to_char((to_number(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy'))* 100 + 12) * 100 + 31),'yyyymmdd') from dual
12〉获得某个日期所在月份的最后一天
- select sysdate,last_day(sysdate) from dual;
select sysdate,last_day(sysdate) from dual;
13〉获得两个日期之间的时数
- select t.intime,t.outtime,trunc(24*(t.outtime-t.intime)) from hr_carding t
select t.intime,t.outtime,trunc(24*(t.outtime-t.intime)) from hr_carding t
14〉获得两个日期之间的天数
- select t.begintime,t.endtime,trunc(t.endtime-t.begintime) from hr_absence t
select t.begintime,t.endtime,trunc(t.endtime-t.begintime) from hr_absence t
15〉获得若干天前的时间 s
- elect sysdate,sysdate - N from dual;
elect sysdate,sysdate - N from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' day from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' day from dual
16〉获得若干天后的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate + N from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate + N from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' day from dual
select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' day from dual
注释:"N"表示需要减去或者加上的天数
17〉获得若干年前的时间
- select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,-12*N) from dual;
select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,-12*N) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' year from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - interval 'N' year from dual
16〉获得若干年后的时间
- select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,12*N) from dual;
select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,12*N) from dual;
或者
- select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' year from dual
select sysdate,sysdate + interval 'N' year from dual
注释:"N"表示需要减去或者加上的年数
17〉相隔若干小时的时间
- select sysdate,sysdate - M * interval 'N' hour from dual
select sysdate,sysdate - M * interval 'N' hour from dual
18〉检索出某一个日期所在月份的所有天信息
- select trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'mm') from dual
- union all
- select trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'mm') + rownum from dual
- connect by rownum <= (last_day(to_date('X','yyyymmdd')) - trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'mm'))
select trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'mm') from dual
union all
select trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'mm') + rownum from dual
connect by rownum <= (last_day(to_date('X','yyyymmdd')) - trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'mm'))
或者
- select first + rownum - 1 myday
- from (select trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'MM') first,trunc(last_day(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'))) last from dual)
- connect by rownum <= last - first + 1
select first + rownum - 1 myday
from (select trunc(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'),'MM') first,trunc(last_day(to_date('X','yyyymmdd'))) last from dual)
connect by rownum <= last - first + 1
其中:字符串'X'表示某一个日期
19〉怎样知道今天是星期几
- select to_char(sysdate,'day') from dual;
select to_char(sysdate,'day') from dual;
在获取之前可以设置日期语言,如:
- ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';
还可以在函数中指定
- select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = AMERICAN') from dual;
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = AMERICAN') from dual;
其它更多用法,可以参考to_char与to_date函数
20〉本月的天数
- SELECT to_char(last_day(SYSDATE),'dd') days FROM dual
SELECT to_char(last_day(SYSDATE),'dd') days FROM dual
21〉今年的天数
- select add_months(trunc(sysdate, 'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate, 'year') /*下一年的第一天减去今年的第一天*/
- from dual
select add_months(trunc(sysdate, 'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate, 'year') /*下一年的第一天减去今年的第一天*/
from dual
22〉下个星期一的日期
- SELECT Next_day(SYSDATE,'monday') FROM dual
SELECT Next_day(SYSDATE,'monday') FROM dual
23〉怎么样从数据库中获得毫秒
9i以上版本,有一个timestamp类型获得毫秒,如
- select to_char(systimestamp ,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ssxff') time1,
- to_char(current_timestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ssxff') time2
- from dual;
select to_char(systimestamp ,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ssxff') time1,
to_char(current_timestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ssxff') time2
from dual;
24〉检索某一年度的日历表:
- select case
- when (new_yweek = min(new_yweek)
- over(partition by mon order by new_yweek)) then
- mon
- else
- null
- end as mon,
- new_yweek as yweek,
- row_number() over(partition by mon order by new_yweek) as mweek,
- sum(decode(wday, '1', mday, null)) as sunday,
- sum(decode(wday, '2', mday, null)) as monday,
- sum(decode(wday, '3', mday, null)) as tuesday,
- sum(decode(wday, '4', mday, null)) as wednesday,
- sum(decode(wday, '5', mday, null)) as thursday,
- sum(decode(wday, '6', mday, null)) as friday,
- sum(decode(wday, '7', mday, null)) as saturday,
- &year as year
- from (select to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1 as everyday,
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'mm') as mon,
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'w') as mweek,
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'ww') as yweek,
- case
- when (to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd'), 'd') > '1') and
- (to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'd') <
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd'), 'd')) then
- to_char(to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') +
- rownum - 1,
- 'ww') + 1,
- 'fm00')
- else
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'ww')
- end as new_yweek,
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'd') as wday,
- to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
- 'dd') as mday
- from (select rownum r from dual connect by rownum <= 366)
- where rownum <=
- to_char(to_date(&year || '1231', 'yyyymmdd'), 'ddd'))
- group by mon, new_yweek
select case
when (new_yweek = min(new_yweek)
over(partition by mon order by new_yweek)) then
mon
else
null
end as mon,
new_yweek as yweek,
row_number() over(partition by mon order by new_yweek) as mweek,
sum(decode(wday, '1', mday, null)) as sunday,
sum(decode(wday, '2', mday, null)) as monday,
sum(decode(wday, '3', mday, null)) as tuesday,
sum(decode(wday, '4', mday, null)) as wednesday,
sum(decode(wday, '5', mday, null)) as thursday,
sum(decode(wday, '6', mday, null)) as friday,
sum(decode(wday, '7', mday, null)) as saturday,
&year as year
from (select to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1 as everyday,
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'mm') as mon,
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'w') as mweek,
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'ww') as yweek,
case
when (to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd'), 'd') > '1') and
(to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'd') <
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd'), 'd')) then
to_char(to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') +
rownum - 1,
'ww') + 1,
'fm00')
else
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'ww')
end as new_yweek,
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'd') as wday,
to_char(to_date(&year || '0101', 'yyyymmdd') + rownum - 1,
'dd') as mday
from (select rownum r from dual connect by rownum <= 366)
where rownum <=
to_char(to_date(&year || '1231', 'yyyymmdd'), 'ddd'))
group by mon, new_yweek