装饰者模式

定义

动态的给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。比用继承生成子类更灵活。
不改变原有对象的基础上，将功能附加到对象上。

比继承更有弹性。

适用场景

动态的增加/撤销一个类的功能。

优缺点

是继承的有力补充，比继承灵活，不改变原有对象，同时扩展功能。
通过适用不同装饰类以及这些装饰类的排列组合，可以实现不同的效果。
但是会出现更多的代码、类。多层装饰时，会更复杂。

UML

public abstract class Component {
    abstract void operate();
}

class ConcreteComponent1 extends Component{
    @Override
    void operate() {
        System.out.println("do something1");
    }
}

class ConcreteComponent2 extends Component{
    @Override
    void operate() {
        System.out.println("do something2");
    }
}

abstract class Decorator extends Component{
    Component c;
    Decorator(Component c){
        this.c = c;
    }
}

class ConcreteDecorator1 extends Decorator{
    ConcreteDecorator1(Component c){
        super(c);
    }
    @Override
    void operate() {
        System.out.println("装饰一下");
        c.operate();
    }
}

class ConcreteDecorator2 extends Decorator{
    ConcreteDecorator2(Component c){
        super(c);
    }
    @Override
    void operate() {
        System.out.println("再装饰一下");
        c.operate();
    }
}

class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ConcreteDecorator1(new ConcreteDecorator2(new ConcreteComponent1())).operate();
    }
}

示例1

玩过红警的都知道。如果想造一个超级坦克兼具光棱和天启的特性。

public abstract class Tank {
    public abstract void fire();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Tank t1 = new Tank1();
        t1 = new TianQiTankDecorator(new GuangLengTankDecorator(t1));
        t1.fire();
    }
}

class Tank1 extends Tank{
    @Override
    public void fire() {
        System.out.println("普通坦克射击");
    }
}

abstract class TankDecorator extends Tank{
     abstract void doSomething();
}

class TianQiTankDecorator extends TankDecorator{
    Tank t;
    TianQiTankDecorator(Tank t){
        this.t = t;
    }

    @Override
    public void fire() {
        doSomething();
        t.fire();
    }

    @Override
    void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("天启坦克射击");
    }
}

class GuangLengTankDecorator extends TankDecorator{
    Tank t;
    GuangLengTankDecorator(Tank t){
        this.t = t;
    }

    @Override
    public void fire() {
        doSomething();
        t.fire();
    }

    @Override
    void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("光棱坦克射击");
    }
}

注意装饰者和被装饰者都有共同的父类。

示例2

public interface IFunction {
    // 查看角色装备详情的方法
    String select();
    String add();
    String hit();
    String dazhao();
}

abstract class AbstractRoleDecorate implements IFunction {
    private IFunction target;

    public AbstractRoleDecorate(IFunction target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public String select() {
        // 调用具体被装饰后的类的方法
        return target.select();
    }

    @Override
    public String add() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String hit() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String dazhao() {
        return null;
    }
}

class HairDecoration extends AbstractRoleDecorate {
    public HairDecoration(IFunction target) {
        super(target);
    }

    @Override
    public String select() {
        return super.select() + " 戴上头发 ";
    }
}

class JacketDecoration extends AbstractRoleDecorate {
    public JacketDecoration(IFunction target) {
        super(target);
    }

    @Override
    public String select() {
        return super.select() + " 穿上衣服 ";
    }
}

class PlantDecoration extends AbstractRoleDecorate {
    public PlantDecoration(IFunction target) {
        super(target);
    }

    @Override
    public String select() {
        return super.select() + " 穿上裤子 ";
    }
}


class ShoesDecoration extends AbstractRoleDecorate {
    public ShoesDecoration(IFunction target) {
        super(target);
    }

    @Override
    public String select() {
        return super.select() + " 穿上鞋子 ";
    }
}

class GM implements IFunction {
    @Override
    public String select() {
        return "超管 ";
    }

    @Override
    public String add() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String hit() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String dazhao() {
        return null;
    }
}


class Magic implements IFunction {

    @Override
    public String select() {
        return " 法师 ";
    }

    @Override
    public String add() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String hit() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String dazhao() {
        return null;
    }
}



class DecoratorTests {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建法师角色
        IFunction target = new Magic();
        // 爆了鞋子，穿上鞋子
        target = new PlantDecoration(target);
        // 查看装备
        System.out.println(target.select());
        // 爆了头发，戴上头发
        target = new HairDecoration(target);
        System.out.println(target.select());
        // GM
        IFunction gm =
                new ShoesDecoration(
                        new HairDecoration(
                                new PlantDecoration(
                                        new JacketDecoration(new GM()))));
        System.out.println("gm:"+gm.select());
    }
}

示例3

FilterInputStream是装饰者，InputStream是总的抽象接口，FileInputStream和ByteArrayInputStream都是被装饰者。
使用方式：

DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new 
BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("xxxx")));
dis.read();