1009 Number Sequence

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最新推荐文章于 2021-01-17 21:32:56 发布

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1009 Number Sequence

Number Sequence

时间限制: 1秒内存限制: 64M

Problem Description

A single positive integer i is given. Write a program to find the digit located in the position i in the sequence of number groups S1S2...Sk. Each group Sk consists of a sequence of positive integer numbers ranging from 1to k, written one after another.
For example, the first 80 digits of the sequence are as follows:
11212312341234512345612345671234567812345678912345678910123456789101112345678910

Input

The first line of the input file contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t≤ 10), the number of test cases, followed by one line for each test case. The line for a test case contains the single integer i (1 ≤ i ≤ 2147483647)

Output

There should be one output line per test case containing the digit located in the position i.

Sample Input

Sample Output

要点：

1、任何一个数字的位数求法：(int)log10( (double)%所求数字% ) + 1；

2、对于循环出现的串可以以每一个循环为一组进行观察（参考自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xuzhichuang/archive/2010/08/14/1799752.html）

所给串	a[ ]	s[ ]
1	1	1
12	2	3
123	3	6
1234	4	10
12345	5	15
123456	6	21
1234567	7	28

3、使用unsigned类型可以有效减少运算时间、增加数字存储范围

#include<stdio.h>
#include<limits.h>//这个头文件中存储了大量有关数据类型的边界量的信息
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
unsigned long a[SHRT_MAX] = {0}, s[SHRT_MAX] = {0};//limits.h中SHRT_MAX == 32767;
int t,i,j;
for ( i = 1; i <= SHRT_MAX - 1; i ++ )
{
a[i] = a[i-1] + (unsigned long)log10( (double)i ) + 1;
s[i] = s[i-1] + a[i];
}
scanf("%d",&t);
while ( t-- )
{
unsigned long n = 0, bit = 0, len = 0, k, ans;
scanf("%d",&n);
for ( i = 1; i <= SHRT_MAX; i ++ )
{
if (s[i] > n)
{
i--;
bit = n - s[i];
if ( bit == 0 ) bit = a[i];
break;
}
}
for ( j = 1; len < bit; j ++ )
{
len += (unsigned long)log10((double)j) + 1;
}
j--;
for ( k = 0; k <= len - bit; j /= 10, k ++ )
{
ans = j % 10;
}
printf("%d\n",ans);
}
return 0;
}

limits.h文件原文：

/***
*limits.h - implementation dependent values
*
* Copyright (c) 1985-1997, Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* Contains defines for a number of implementation dependent values
* which are commonly used in C programs.
* [ANSI]
*
* [Public]
*
****/

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif

#ifndef _INC_LIMITS
#define _INC_LIMITS

#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_MAC)
#error ERROR: Only Mac or Win32 targets supported!
#endif

#define CHAR_BIT 8 /* number of bits in a char */
#define SCHAR_MIN (-128) /* minimum signed char value */
#define SCHAR_MAX 127 /* maximum signed char value */
#define UCHAR_MAX 0xff /* maximum unsigned char value */

#ifndef _CHAR_UNSIGNED
#define CHAR_MIN SCHAR_MIN /* mimimum char value */
#define CHAR_MAX SCHAR_MAX /* maximum char value */
#else
#define CHAR_MIN 0
#define CHAR_MAX UCHAR_MAX
#endif /* _CHAR_UNSIGNED */

#define MB_LEN_MAX 2 /* max. # bytes in multibyte char */
#define SHRT_MIN (-32768) /* minimum (signed) short value */
#define SHRT_MAX 32767 /* maximum (signed) short value */
#define USHRT_MAX 0xffff /* maximum unsigned short value */
#define INT_MIN (-2147483647 - 1) /* minimum (signed) int value */
#define INT_MAX 2147483647 /* maximum (signed) int value */
#define UINT_MAX 0xffffffff /* maximum unsigned int value */
#define LONG_MIN (-2147483647L - 1) /* minimum (signed) long value */
#define LONG_MAX 2147483647L /* maximum (signed) long value */
#define ULONG_MAX 0xffffffffUL /* maximum unsigned long value */

#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 8
#define _I8_MIN (-127i8 - 1) /* minimum signed 8 bit value */
#define _I8_MAX 127i8 /* maximum signed 8 bit value */
#define _UI8_MAX 0xffui8 /* maximum unsigned 8 bit value */
#endif

#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 16
#define _I16_MIN (-32767i16 - 1) /* minimum signed 16 bit value */
#define _I16_MAX 32767i16 /* maximum signed 16 bit value */
#define _UI16_MAX 0xffffui16 /* maximum unsigned 16 bit value */
#endif

#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 32
#define _I32_MIN (-2147483647i32 - 1) /* minimum signed 32 bit value */
#define _I32_MAX 2147483647i32 /* maximum signed 32 bit value */
#define _UI32_MAX 0xffffffffui32 /* maximum unsigned 32 bit value */
#endif

#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64
/* minimum signed 64 bit value */
#define _I64_MIN (-9223372036854775807i64 - 1)
/* maximum signed 64 bit value */
#define _I64_MAX 9223372036854775807i64
/* maximum unsigned 64 bit value */
#define _UI64_MAX 0xffffffffffffffffui64
#endif

#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 128
/* minimum signed 128 bit value */
#define _I128_MIN (-170141183460469231731687303715884105727i128 - 1)
/* maximum signed 128 bit value */
#define _I128_MAX 170141183460469231731687303715884105727i128
/* maximum unsigned 128 bit value */
#define _UI128_MAX 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffui128
#endif

#ifdef _POSIX_

#define _POSIX_ARG_MAX 4096
#define _POSIX_CHILD_MAX 6
#define _POSIX_LINK_MAX 8
#define _POSIX_MAX_CANON 255
#define _POSIX_MAX_INPUT 255
#define _POSIX_NAME_MAX 14
#define _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX 0
#define _POSIX_OPEN_MAX 16
#define _POSIX_PATH_MAX 255
#define _POSIX_PIPE_BUF 512
#define _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX 32767
#define _POSIX_STREAM_MAX 8
#define _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX 3

#define ARG_MAX 14500 /* 16k heap, minus overhead */
#define LINK_MAX 1024
#define MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_CANON
#define MAX_INPUT _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
#define NAME_MAX 255
#define NGROUPS_MAX 16
#define OPEN_MAX 32
#define PATH_MAX 512
#define PIPE_BUF _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
#define SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
#define STREAM_MAX 20
#define TZNAME_MAX 10

#endif /* POSIX */

#endif /* _INC_LIMITS */