Windows 核心编程学习笔记 一

1. 获取当前线程的上一错误代码

a:) 代码 GetLastError() 和 FormatMessage()

		LPVOID     lpMsgBuffer;
		DWORD dwRet=FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
					NULL,
					::GetLastError(),
					MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
					reinterpret_cast<LPTSTR>(&lpMsgBuffer),
					0,
					NULL);
		OutputDebugString(reinterpret_cast<LPTSTR>(lpMsgBuffer));
		LocalFree(lpMsgBuffer);		

b:) 编译器查看 $err,hr

2. 在进行字符串处理时, 尽量使用带有_s的字符串处理函数.

3. new 分配字符串内存时: 

	new TCHAR( nCharacters * sizeof(TCHAR) )

或可定义宏:

	#define chNew(nCharacters) new TCHAR( nCharacters * sizeof(TCHAR) )

4. Ansi 转 Unicode

通用方法:

LPWSTR ANSIToUnicode( LPCTSTR lpszSrc)
{   
    if (lpszSrc==NULL)
        return NULL;

    int  unicodeLen = ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP,
        0,
        lpszSrc,
        -1,
        NULL,
        0 );  

    LPWSTR pUnicode = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
    if (pUnicode==NULL)
        return NULL;

    memset(pUnicode,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  

    ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP,
        0,
        lpszSrc,
        -1,
        (LPWSTR)pUnicode,
        unicodeLen );    

    return  pUnicode;  
}

ANSIToUnicode 使用后一定要记得delete pUnicode;

MFC转换宏:

#include <atlconv.h>

USES_CONVERSION;
DoSomething(A2W("SomeString"));
      

使用A2W 或者 W2A 都要注意一点, 由于宏分配的内存是在函数的栈中分配的。而VC编译器默认的栈内存空间是2M,所以最后不要在一个函数里面循环调用这2个宏,而且转换的大小不能超过2M. 

以下转换函数可供参考

1.  ANSI to Unicode
wstring ANSIToUnicode( const string& str )
{
 int  len = 0;
 len = str.length();
 int  unicodeLen = ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP,
            0,
            str.c_str(),
            -1,
            NULL,
            0 );  
 wchar_t *  pUnicode;  
 pUnicode = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
 memset(pUnicode,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  
 ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         (LPWSTR)pUnicode,
         unicodeLen );  
 wstring  rt;  
 rt = ( wchar_t* )pUnicode;
 delete  pUnicode; 
 
 return  rt;  
}
2.  Unicode to ANSI
string UnicodeToANSI( const wstring& str )
{
 char*     pElementText;
 int    iTextLen;
 // wide char to multi char
 iTextLen = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         NULL,
         0,
NULL,
         NULL );
 pElementText = new char[iTextLen + 1];
 memset( ( void* )pElementText, 0, sizeof( char ) * ( iTextLen + 1 ) );
 ::WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         pElementText,
         iTextLen,
         NULL,
         NULL );
 string strText;
 strText = pElementText;
 delete[] pElementText;
 return strText;
}
3.  UTF-8 to Unicode
wstring UTF8ToUnicode( const string& str )
{
 int  len = 0;
 len = str.length();
 int  unicodeLen = ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_UTF8,
            0,
            str.c_str(),
            -1,
            NULL,
            0 );  
 wchar_t *  pUnicode;  
 pUnicode = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
 memset(pUnicode,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  
 ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_UTF8,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         (LPWSTR)pUnicode,
         unicodeLen );  
 wstring  rt;  
 rt = ( wchar_t* )pUnicode;
 delete  pUnicode; 
 
 return  rt;  
}
4.  Unicode to UTF-8    
string UnicodeToUTF8( const wstring& str )
{
 char*     pElementText;
 int    iTextLen;
 // wide char to multi char
 iTextLen = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         NULL,
         0,
         NULL,
         NULL );
 pElementText = new char[iTextLen + 1];
 memset( ( void* )pElementText, 0, sizeof( char ) * ( iTextLen + 1 ) );
 ::WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         pElementText,
         iTextLen,
         NULL,
         NULL );
 string strText;
 strText = pElementText;
 delete[] pElementText;
 return strText;
}