配置KCONFIG 出错

错误提示

 

Failed to execute /linuxrc.  Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.
[<c003051c>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xec) from [<c0286048>] (panic+0x40/0xc4)
[<c0286048>] (panic+0x40/0xc4) from [<c002a56c>] (init_post+0x9c/0xbc)
[<c002a56c>] (init_post+0x9c/0xbc) from [<c00085ec>] (kernel_init+0x108/0x140)
[<c00085ec>] (kernel_init+0x108/0x140) from [<c002be40>] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0
/0x8)

 

找到一个比较好的讲解

/linuxrc错误(2)

2008-12-18 15:34

对应后两种情况。从代码中看到，必须要配制CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM才会支持image-initrd。否则全当成cpio-initrd的形式处理。 对于是cpio-initrd的情况。直接将其释放到根目录。对于是image-initrd的情况。将其释放到/initrd.image.最后将initrd内存区域归入伙伴系统。这段内存就可以由操作系统来做其它的用途了。 接下来，内核对这几种情况又是怎么处理的呢？不要着急。往下看： 回到kernel_init()这个函数： static int __init kernel_init(void * unused) {          …….          …….          do_basic_setup();          /*          * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all          * the work          */          if (!ramdisk_execute_command)                    ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";          if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {                    ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;                    prepare_namespace();          }          /*          * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and          * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the          * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..          */          init_post();          return 0; } ramdisk_execute_command:在kernel解析引导参数的时候使用。如果用户指定了init文件路径，即使用了“init=”，就会将这个参数值存放到这里。 如果没有指定init文件路径。默认为/init 对应于前面一段的分析，我们知道，对于initramdisk和cpio-initrd的情况，都会将虚拟根文件系统释放到根目录。如果这些虚拟文件系统里有/init这个文件。就会转入到init_post()。 Init_post()代码如下： static int noinline init_post(void) {          free_initmem();          unlock_kernel();          mark_rodata_ro();          system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;          numa_default_policy();          if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)                    printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console./n");          (void) sys_dup(0);          (void) sys_dup(0);          if (ramdisk_execute_command) {                    run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);                    printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s/n",                                      ramdisk_execute_command);          }          /*          * We try each of these until one succeeds.          *          * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are          * trying to recover a really broken machine.          */          if (execute_command) {                    run_init_process(execute_command);                    printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s. Attempting "                                                "defaults.../n", execute_command);          }          run_init_process("/sbin/init");          run_init_process("/etc/init");          run_init_process("/bin/init");          run_init_process("/bin/sh");          panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel."); } 从代码中可以看中，会依次执行指定的init文件，如果失败，就会执行/sbin/init, /etc/init,, /bin/init,/bin/sh 注意的是，run_init_process在调用相应程序运行的时候，用的是kernel_execve。也就是说调用进程会替换当前进程。只要上述任意一个文件调用成功，就不会返回到这个函数。如果上面几个文件都无法执行。打印出没有找到init文件的错误。 对于image-hdr或者是虚拟文件系统中没有包含 /init的情况，会由prepare_namespace()处理。代码如下： void __init prepare_namespace(void) {          int is_floppy;          if (root_delay) {                    printk(KERN_INFO "Waiting %dsec before mounting root device.../n",                           root_delay);                    ssleep(root_delay);          }          /* wait for the known devices to complete their probing */          while (driver_probe_done() != 0)                    msleep(100);          //mtd的处理          md_run_setup();          if (saved_root_name[0]) {                    root_device_name = saved_root_name;                    if (!strncmp(root_device_name, "mtd", 3)) {                             mount_block_root(root_device_name, root_mountflags);                             goto out;                    }                    ROOT_DEV = name_to_dev_t(root_device_name);                    if (strncmp(root_device_name, "/dev/", 5) == 0)                             root_device_name += 5;          }          if (initrd_load())                    goto out;          /* wait for any asynchronous scanning to complete */          if ((ROOT_DEV == 0) && root_wait) {                    printk(KERN_INFO "Waiting for root device %s.../n",                             saved_root_name);                    while (driver_probe_done() != 0 ||                             (ROOT_DEV = name_to_dev_t(saved_root_name)) == 0)                             msleep(100);          }          is_floppy = MAJOR(ROOT_DEV) == FLOPPY_MAJOR;          if (is_floppy && rd_doload && rd_load_disk(0))                    ROOT_DEV = Root_RAM0;          mount_root(); out:          sys_mount(".", "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL);          sys_chroot("."); } 这里有几个比较有意思的处理，首先用户可以用root=来指定根文件系统。它的值保存在saved_root_name中。如果用户指定了以mtd开始的字串做为它的根文件系统。就会直接去 挂 载。这个文件是mtdblock的设备文件。 否则将设备结点文件转换为ROOT_DEV即设备节点号 然后，转向initrd_load()执行initrd预处理后，再将具体的根文件系统 挂 载。 注意到，在这个函数末尾。会调用sys_mount()来移动当前文件系统 挂 载点到”/”目录下。然后将根目录切换到当前目录。这样，根文件系统的 挂 载点就成为了我们在用户空间所看到的”/”了. 对于其它根文件系统的情况，会先经过initrd的处理。即 int __init initrd_load(void) {          if (mount_initrd) {                    create_dev("/dev/ram", Root_RAM0);                    /*                    * Load the initrd data into /dev/ram0. Execute it as initrd                    * unless /dev/ram0 is supposed to be our actual root device,                    * in that case the ram disk is just set up here, and gets                    * mounted in the normal path.                    */                    if (rd_load_image("/initrd.image") && ROOT_DEV != Root_RAM0) {                             sys_unlink("/initrd.image");                             handle_initrd();                             return 1;                    }          }          sys_unlink("/initrd.image");          return 0; } 建立一个ROOT_RAM)的设备节点，并将/initrd/.image释放到这个节点中，/initrd.image的内容，就是我们之前分析的image-initrd。 如果根文件设备号不是ROOT_RAM0( 用户指定的根文件系统不是/dev/ram0就会转入到handle_initrd() 如果当前根文件系统是/dev/ram0.将其直接 挂 载就好了。 handle_initrd（）代码如下： static void __init handle_initrd(void) {          int error;          int pid;          real_root_dev = new_encode_dev(ROOT_DEV);          create_dev("/dev/root.old", Root_RAM0);          /* mount initrd on rootfs' /root */          mount_block_root("/dev/root.old", root_mountflags & ~MS_RDONLY);          sys_mkdir("/old", 0700);          root_fd = sys_open("/", 0, 0);          old_fd = sys_open("/old", 0, 0);          /* move initrd over / and chdir/chroot in initrd root */          sys_chdir("/root");          sys_mount(".", "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL);          sys_chroot(".");          /*          * In case that a resume from disk is carried out by linuxrc or one of          * its children, we need to tell the freezer not to wait for us.          */          current->flags |= PF_FREEZER_SKIP;          pid = kernel_thread(do_linuxrc, "/linuxrc", SIGCHLD);          if (pid > 0)                    while (pid != sys_wait4(-1, NULL, 0, NULL))                             yield();          current->flags &= ~PF_FREEZER_SKIP;          /* move initrd to rootfs' /old */          sys_fchdir(old_fd);          sys_mount("/", ".", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL);          /* switch root and cwd back to / of rootfs */          sys_fchdir(root_fd);          sys_chroot(".");          sys_close(old_fd);          sys_close(root_fd);          if (new_decode_dev(real_root_dev) == Root_RAM0) {                    sys_chdir("/old");                    return;          }          ROOT_DEV = new_decode_dev(real_root_dev);          mount_root();          printk(KERN_NOTICE "Trying to move old root to /initrd ... ");          error = sys_mount("/old", "/root/initrd", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL);          if (!error)                    printk("okay/n");          else {                    int fd = sys_open("/dev/root.old", O_RDWR, 0);                    if (error == -ENOENT)                             printk("/initrd does not exist. Ignored./n");                    else                             printk("failed/n");                    printk(KERN_NOTICE "Unmounting old root/n");                    sys_umount("/old", MNT_DETACH);                    printk(KERN_NOTICE "Trying to free ramdisk memory ... ");                    if (fd < 0) {                             error = fd;                    } else {                             error = sys_ioctl(fd, BLKFLSBUF, 0);                             sys_close(fd);                    }                    printk(!error ? "okay/n" : "failed/n");          } } 先将/dev/ram0 挂 载，而后执行/linuxrc.等其执行完后。切换根目录，再 挂 载具体的根文件系统. 到这里。文件系统 挂 载的全部内容就分析完了. 五：小结 在本小节里。分析了根文件系统的 挂 载流程。并对几个虚拟根文件系统的情况做了详细的分析。理解这部份，对我们构建linux嵌入式开发系统是很有帮助的. PS:参考资料：ibm技术论坛的<<Linux2.6 内核的 Initrd 机制解析>>