1、变量:直接声明,会根据值自动赋给类型
# 声明变量,
a = 365
b = "366"
a_c = 367
print(a, type(a))
print(b, type(b))
print(a_c, type(a_c))
print("hello python")
结果:
365 <class 'int'>
366 <class 'str'>
367 <class 'int'>
hello python
2、类型转换
注:字符型的8和整型的8,不能相加
# 类型转换
a1 = 8;
a1 = str(a1);
print(a1, type(a1))
a2 = "8"
a2 = int(a2)
print(a2, type(a2))
结果:
8 <class 'str'>
8 <class 'int'>
3、list类型
# list类型,类似数组
a3 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a3.append("jan") # 添加元素,在最后追加
a3.append(1)
print(a3)
a3.pop(); # 删除元素,最后一个
print(a3)
print(a3[0]) # 索引从0开始
print(len(a3)) # list的长度,len()
print(a3[-1]) # -1的索引,为最后一个元素
print(a3[2:4]) # 取片段,用:号,包含前一个2,不包含后一个4,[2,4)
print(a3[2:]) # 后为空时,会取出后面所有的元素
结果:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'jan', 1]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'jan']
1
5
jan
[3, 4]
[3, 4, 'jan']
4、循环
a4 = ["Austin", "Dallas", "Houston"]
for item in a4:
print(item)
i = 0
while i < 10:
print(i)
i += 1
for i in range(10): # range(10),从0到9,10个数
print(i)
a5 = [["a", 'w', 'e'], ['r', 'r', 'o']]
for i in a5:
for j in i:
print(j)
for i in a5:
print(i)
5、判断
print(8 == 8) # true
print(8 == "8") # false
print(['aa', 'bb'] == ['bb', 'aa']) # false
print(['aa', 'bb'] == ['aa', 'bb']) # true
if (10 < 5):
print(True)
else:
print(False)
t = True # 首字母大写
if t:
print(True)
6、字典
# 字典:键值对,类似json key value
a6 = {"aa": 40, "bb": 50}
a6["jim"] = 10
a6["sue"] = 20
a6["ann"] = 30
print(a6) # {'jim': 10, 'sue': 20, 'ann': 30}
print(a6["jim"]) # 10
print(a6.keys(), type(a6.keys())) # 所有键值
print('aa' in a6) # true,判断键值是否存在
# 统计出现了几次
a7 = ['aa', 'vv', 'bb', 'ff', 'aa', 'bb']
a8 = {}
for i in a7: # 加不加括号都可以
if i in a8:
a8[i] += 1
else:
a8[i] = 1
print(a8) # {'aa': 2, 'vv': 1, 'bb': 2, 'ff': 1}
7、文件
# 文件操作
f = open('test.txt', 'r') # 以读的方式打开文件
g = f.read() # 读取
print(g)
f.close() # 关闭
f = open('test_write.txt', 'w') # 打开以写的方式,没有文件会新建
f.write('1111')
f.write('\n') # 换行
f.write('222') # 必须为string类型
f.close() # 关闭
f = open('./test.csv', 'r')
data = f.read()
rows = data.split('\n') # 以换行符分割字符串,返回list,== ['1,aaa', '2,ccc', '3,ddd', '4,ffffff', '5,gggggg']
print(rows)
arr = []
for row in rows:
row_split = row.split(',') # 以逗号分割,
arr.append(row_split)
print(arr) # 结果[['1', 'aaa'], ['2', 'ccc'], ['3', 'ddd'], ['4', 'ffffff'], ['5', 'gggggg']]
f.close()
8、函数
def printHello():
print('hello world')
def add(a, b):
print(a + b)
def returnAdd(a, b):
return a + b
printHello()
add(1, 2)
print(returnAdd(2, 6))