docker 安装mysql8并挂载数据（简单）

1.下载镜像

# docker从仓库中拉取最新版的mysql镜像，默认获取最新的版本
docker pull mysql

 2.创建挂载目录

mkdir -p /home/docker/mysql/conf && mkdir -p /home/docker/mysql/datadir

3.新建my.cnf，保存

cd /home/docker/mysql/conf
vim my.cnf

# Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA

#
# The MySQL  Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

4.创建 MySQL 容器并启动

解决了配置文件的问题，就可以根据需求创建我们的 MySQL 容器并挂载数据了。

docker run --name mysql8 \
-p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
--mount type=bind,src=/home/docker/mysql/conf/my.cnf,dst=/etc/mysql/my.cnf \
--mount type=bind,src=/home/docker/mysql/datadir,dst=/var/lib/mysql \
--restart=on-failure:3 \
-d mysql

• --name：为容器指定一个名字
• -p：指定端口映射，主机端口:容器端口
• -e：pwd="xxx"，设置环境变量
• --restart=on-failure:3：是指容器在未来出现异常退出（退出码非0）的情况下循环重启3次
• -mount：绑定挂载
• -d：后台运行容器，并返回容器 id

5.登录容器，修改mysql密码

# 进入mysql 容器
docker exec -it mysql8 bash
# 进入mysql
mysql -uroot -p
# 输入原本设置的密码root
# 修改远程登录root密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'pwd';
# 修改登录权限
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
# 刷新数据库
flush privileges;
# 退出数据库
exit
# 退出容器
exit

6.远程连接成功

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/smallmin/p/11582954.html