使用maven构建最简单helloworld java项目

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-22 19:30:12 发布

solinger

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-22 19:30:12 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： mvn java maven

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本文介绍了如何在Linux环境下使用Maven构建一个简单的Java项目，对比了Maven与Ant的不同，强调了Maven的约定优于配置原则。通过手动创建项目结构，然后执行`mvn compile`进行编译，`mvn package`打包成jar，`mvn install`发布到本地仓库，以及`mvn clean`清理项目。此外，还提到了`mvn jetty:run`用于在Jetty容器内运行服务，但没有`mvn run`生命周期。

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除了上文中(https://blog.csdn.net/solinger/article/details/100920866)提到的ant外，现在用的比较多的java的项目构建和管理的工具还有maven。

maven和ant相比较，多了一个叫做约定大于配置的概念，被maven管理的项目，其目录结构和可能的构建的生命周期都是被定义好的，这样做的好处使得目录结构和操作等符合规律和统一标准。

而ant则较为灵活，可以自己指定许多配置。则本次让我们是用maven来进行项目一个简单的java项目的配置和构建。

1. 在linux下安装maven

[wlin@wlin ~]$ history | tail -n 4
10056  2019-09-17 18:33:28 wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz
10057  2019-09-17 18:33:37 gunzip apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz 
10058  2019-09-17 18:33:46 tar -xvf apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar 
10065  2019-09-17 18:34:45 sudo ln -s /opt/apache-maven-3.6.2/bin/mvn /usr/local/bin/

[wlin@wlin ~]$ mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.6.2 (40f52333136460af0dc0d7232c0dc0bcf0d9e117; 2019-08-27T23:06:16+08:00)
Maven home: /opt/apache-maven-3.6.2
Java version: 1.8.0_201, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-870.el7.csb.input.5.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

2. ant使用build.xml来进行组织构建，maven使用pom.xml。让我们不使用maven提供的模版，手动创建java项目并利用maven进行构建和管理。

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ cat pom.xml 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example.cara</groupId>
    <artifactId>first-maven</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>0.1.0</version>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer
                                    implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>hello.HelloWorld</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3. 使用mvn compile编译

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ mvn compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:first-maven >--------------------
[INFO] Building first-maven 0.1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------

最后看到如下信息，则表示成功

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /home/wlin/try_mvn/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  01:04 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T18:48:29+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

则我们看到有相应的class文件生成。

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ tree
.
├── pom.xml
├── src
│   └── main
│       └── java
│           └── hello
│               └── HelloWorld.java
└── target
    ├── classes
    │   └── hello
    │       └── HelloWorld.class
    └── maven-status
        └── maven-compiler-plugin
            └── compile
                └── default-compile
                    ├── createdFiles.lst
                    └── inputFiles.lst

4. 使用mvn package进行打包

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ tree
.
├── pom.xml
├── src
│   └── main
│       └── java
│           └── hello
│               └── HelloWorld.java
└── target
    ├── classes
    │   └── hello
    │       └── HelloWorld.class
    ├── first-maven-0.1.0.jar
    ├── maven-archiver
    │   └── pom.properties
    ├── maven-status
    │   └── maven-compiler-plugin
    │       └── compile
    │           └── default-compile
    │               ├── createdFiles.lst
    │               └── inputFiles.lst
    └── original-first-maven-0.1.0.jar

则我们看到有相应的jar包生成

则执行该jar包，可获得我们希望的输出

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ java -jar target/first-maven-0.1.0.jar 
Hello World!

我们也可以使用mvn相关的指令运行我们的目标类文件

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="hello.HelloWorld"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:first-maven >--------------------
[INFO] Building first-maven 0.1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:1.6.0:java (default-cli) @ first-maven ---
Hello World!
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.492 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:12:59+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.使用mvn install将项目的jar和pom发布到mvn仓库中

[INFO] Installing /home/wlin/try_mvn/target/first-maven-0.1.0.jar to /home/wlin/.m2/repository/com/example/cara/first-maven/0.1.0/first-maven-0.1.0.jar
[INFO] Installing /home/wlin/try_mvn/pom.xml to /home/wlin/.m2/repository/com/example/cara/first-maven/0.1.0/first-maven-0.1.0.pom

6. 使用mvn deploy部署jar到远程仓库

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy (default-deploy) on project first-maven: Deployment failed: repository element was not specified in the POM inside distributionManagement element or in -DaltDeploymentRepository=id::layout::url parameter -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

由于我们没有配置远程仓库，所以报错

7. 使用mvn clean进行clean

[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ mvn clean
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:first-maven >--------------------
[INFO] Building first-maven 0.1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ first-maven ---
[INFO] Deleting /home/wlin/try_mvn/target
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.355 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T18:59:22+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[wlin@wlin try_mvn]$ tree
.
├── pom.xml
└── src
    └── main
        └── java
            └── hello
                └── HelloWorld.java

4 directories, 2 files

另外：没有‘mvn run’这个lifecycle。mvn jetty:run是在jetty容器里运行服务。

更完成的mvn build lifecycle可参考官网https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-lifecycle.html