用diff和patch生成patch并应用

当我们想在原文件和新文件之间生成patch，并用这个patch文件，应用在原文件上快速完成更新时，可以使用以下步骤：

• 用diff生成patch

  $ echo "12345\ntesting"> old_file 
  $ echo "125testing\ntesting1234"> new_file
  $ # We have 2 common ways to get the patch
  $ # The first way is :
  $ diff old_file new_file > file_patch
  $ # We can see the patch are generated by lines
  $ cat file_patch
  1c1
  < 12345\ntesting
  ---
  > 125testing\ntesting1234
  $ # The second way is :
  $ diff -c old_file new_file > c_file_patch
  $ # Then we can see the patch are generated by contents
  $ cat c_file_patch
  *** old_file    2018-12-27 21:06:57.922518425 +0800
  --- new_file    2018-12-27 21:07:11.551401751 +0800
  ***************
  *** 1 ***
  ! 12345\ntesting
  --- 1 ----
  ! 125testing\ntesting1234
  $ # We also can get one whole patch for files of the whole directories
  $ mkdir -p new_dir old_dir
  $ echo "123" > new_dir/test_1.txt
  $ echo "789testing" &g