Linux xargs用法的简单例子

Xargs从标准输入或者文件读取数据，生成并执行命令，也就是它可以获取生一个命令的输出并将它作为参数传给其他指令。

如果没有指定确定的指令，xargs会默认执行echo指令。

日常工作中，xargs指令非常有用。本文将给初学者讲解几条实用的Linux xargs指令例子

1. 找出所有的.png文件并用tar工具进行归档整理

   # -print0: print the files you find
   # -0: deal with the spaces in the files name
   find ~/Downloads/ -name *.png -type f -print0 | xargs -0 tar -cvzf images.tar.gz
   tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
   /home/wlin/Downloads/Screen Shot 2019-03-18 at 1.49.53 PM.png
   /home/wlin/Downloads/pycharm-community-2018.3.4/bin/pycharm.png
   /home/wlin/Downloads/reproduced_error (1).png
   /home/wlin/Downloads/reproduced_error (3).png
   /home/wlin/Downloads/Screenshot from 2019-01-18 08-34-04.png
   /home/wlin/Downloads/reproduced_error (2).png
   /home/wlin/Downloads/reproduced_error.png
   

2. 将多行输出变为一行输出

   # print all files under the /tmp dir in one line
   $ ls /tmp | xargs
   1 hsperfdata_root hsperfdata_wlin install_python.sh krb5cc_24766_zKHknd log lua_KKkOvA mozilla_wlin0 pip-uninstall-fnntxqjn ssr systemd-private-62580f5e23a84a1bbdf71c879dd7defe-chronyd.service-XzjNM9 systemd-private-62580f5e23a84a1bbdf71c879dd7defe-colord.service-7Qprc5
   # print all user accounts in one line
   $ cut -d: -f1 < /etc/passwd | xargs
   root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail operator games ftp nobody systemd-network dbus polkitd unbound rpc postfix colord sshd saslauth abrt openvpn setroubleshoot rtkit pulse gluster radvd ntp chrony tss usbmuxd geoclue qemu nm-openvpn sssd rpcuser nfsnobody gdm rhel-liveuser avahi mysql dictd cara postgres dev test apache
   

3. 统计某一目录下每个文件的单词数

   $ find /home/wlin/RC_CI/ -name *.py -type f -print0 | xargs -0 wc
      58   158  2136 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/talk_to_rc_jenkins.py
      67   204  2206 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/confluence_client.py
      56   184  2698 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/nightly_ci3.py
     122   443  4706 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/talk_to_rc_jenkins_to_manage_E2E_testing.py
      58   149  2119 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/talk_to_jenkins_to_send_ts2_hunter_report.py
     219   943 11084 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/talk_to_rc_jenkins_to_hunt_TS2_failure.py
     144   564  6547 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/talk_to_perf_jenkins.py
      45   107  1551 /home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/single_performance_report_parser.py
   
   

4. 找到所有符合条件的文件并批量删除

   # '-v' shows which files are removed
   $ find ~/RC_CI -name auto_testing_CI -type d -print0 | xargs -0 rm -v -rf
   removed ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/CI_Shell_format_perf_report.sh’
   removed ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/talk_to_rc_jenkins.py’
   removed ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/CI_Shell_common_usage.sh’
   removed ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/confluence_client.py’
   removed ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/CI_Shell_format_robot_report.sh’
   

5. 将文件批量复制到指定的多个目录下

   $ echo ~/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI ~/RC_CI/bug_regression_CI | xargs -n 1 cp -v README.md
   ‘README.md’ -> ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/auto_testing_CI/README.md’
   ‘README.md’ -> ‘/home/wlin/RC_CI/bug_regression_CI/README.md’
   

6. 批量重命名文件夹和文件

   $ find /home/wlin/Downloads/ -name phantomjs-icon.png  -type f | xargs -n1 rename -v 'phantomjs-icon.png' 'phantomjs-icon.jpg' 
   `/home/wlin/Downloads/phantomjs-1.9.8/src/phantomjs-icon.png' -> `/home/wlin/Downloads/phantomjs-1.9.8/src/phantomjs-icon.jpg'
   `/home/wlin/Downloads/phantomjs-2.0.0/src/phantomjs-icon.png' -> `/home/wlin/Downloads/phantomjs-2.0.0/src/phantomjs-icon.jpg'
   

7. 删除目录下除了特定文件外的所有文件

   $ find . -type f -not -name '*gz' -print0 | xargs -0 rm -v 
   removed ‘./errata_services_template/Errata_Makefile’
   removed ‘./errata_services_template/README.md’
   removed ‘./errata_services_template/errata-all-services-in-one-pod.yaml’
   removed ‘./errata_services_template/errata-template.yaml’
   removed ‘./errata_services_template/et-default-staging-settings.configmap’
   removed ‘./errata_services_template/et-default-staging-settings.secret’
   

8. 遇到特定字符终止执行

   # If the end of file string occurs as a line of input, the rest of the input is ignored.
   $ echo 'aaa ddd bbb ccc' > 1.txt
   [wlin@localhost upshift]$ xargs -E 'ddd'  -a 1.txt echo
   aaa
   

9. 输出执行的指令

   $ find ~/Downloads -name "1.png" -type f  | xargs -0 -t
   echo /home/wlin/Downloads/P70526-130554.jpg/1.png
    
   /home/wlin/Downloads/P70526-130554.jpg/1.png