操作系统进程转换实验

一、流程图

二、使用数据结构及说明

在本实验中，主要用到的数据结构是PCB的结构，其中PCB的数据结构如下：
struct PCB
{
int P_Id; //PCB的ID号
char P_Name[10]; //PCB的名称
char P_State[10]; //PCB状态
int P_Runtime; //PCB的所需要的运行时间
int P_Requiry; //PCB所需要的资源要求
struct PCB * next ; //PCB块的下一个指针
} ;
其中，P_Id,和P_Name用来标示一个进程，而P_State用来标示进程的五种状态：Create_state,Ready_state,Block_state,Run_state,Exit_state。P_Runtime标示要完成一个进程所需要的时间。P_Requiry标示一个进程的执行所需要的其他条件，当其他的条件满足，则P_Requiry置1，否则置0。Struct PCB * next 用来指向同一队列中的下一个PCB块。

三、参考程序源代码

#include"stdlib.h"
#include"stdio.h"
#include"string.h"
#include <windows.h>  
/*全局结构体及变量定义*/

struct PCB
{
  int  P_Id;						//PCB的ID号
  char P_Name[10];				//PCB的名称
  char P_State[10];					//PCB状态
  int  P_Runtime;					//PCB的所需要的运行时间
  int P_Requiry;					//PCB所需要的资源要求
  struct  PCB * next ;				//PCB块的下一个指针
} ;
struct PCB * Create_state;			//创建状态
struct PCB * Run_state;				//运行状态
struct PCB * Ready_state;			//就绪状态
struct PCB * Block_state;			//阻塞状态
struct PCB * Exit_state;				//退出状态

int signal4=0;						//标示进程4的完成状态
int signal5=0;						//标示进程5的完成状态

void InsertQueue(struct PCB **head,struct PCB *node) //将进程插入到队列的尾部
{
  struct PCB * p,*q;
  node->next=NULL;
  if(*head==NULL)						//如果队列为空
  {
    *head=node;
  }
 else								//队列不空
  {
    p=*head;
    q=p->next;
    while(q!=NULL)					//找到最后的元素位置
      {
	p=q; 
        q=q->next; 	
      }
    p->next=node; 					//将节点插入队列
  }  
}

void DeleteQueue(struct PCB **head,struct PCB *node)//撤销进程，从队列中删除元素
{
	struct PCB *p,*q;
	p=node;
	q=*head;
	if(*head==NULL||node==NULL)				  //如果队列为空，返回
	  return ;
	if(*head==node)							 //如果要删除的元素是队首元素
	  {
    	    *head=(*head)->next;
		return;
	  }
 	else										//如果不是队列的首元素
	 {
	   while(q->next!=p&&q->next!=NULL)
		q=q->next;
	   q=p->next;
	   p->next=NULL; 
	 }
}

void Display_Process(struct PCB * node)			//打印进程状态的元素函数
{
  printf("\n\nthis process Id is        : %d \n",node->P_Id);
  printf("this process name is      : %s \n",node->P_Name);
  printf("this process state is     : on %s \n ",node->P_State);
  printf("this process Runtime is   : %d \n",node->P_Runtime);
  
if(node->P_Requiry)
  printf("this process resource is ready    \n");
else
  printf("this process resource is not ready ! \n");
}

void DispatchToBlock(struct PCB *node)   //调度到阻塞状态的函数
{										
   if(!node->P_Requiry)				//如果所需要的资源没有满足则，调度到阻塞状态
     {
	strcpy(node->P_State,"block");
       InsertQueue(&Block_state,node);		//插入到阻塞队列
	Display_Process(node);
     }
}

void DispatchToReady(struct PCB *node)  //调度到就绪状态的函数
{									
   if(node->P_Requiry)					//如果所需的资源满足，则调度
     {
	strcpy(node->P_State,"Ready");
       InsertQueue(&Ready_state,node);
	Display_Process(node);
     }
}

void DispatchBlockToReady()  //从阻塞状态调度到就绪状态函数
{								
  struct PCB*p,*q;
  q=Block_state;
  while(q!=NULL)						//如果阻塞状态队列不空
   {	
      p=q;
      q=q->next;
     if(signal4&&p->P_Id==1)			//如果所需要的资源满足
	{
	  p->P_Requiry=1;
	  DeleteQueue(&Block_state,p);
	  strcpy(p->P_State,"ready");
          InsertQueue(&Ready_state,p);
	  printf("process1 will be in the state of ready!\n");
	  Display_Process(p);
	 }
     if(signal5&&p->P_Id==2)
	{
	  p->P_Requiry=1;
	  DeleteQueue(&Block_state,p);
	  strcpy(p->P_State,"ready");
          InsertQueue(&Ready_state,p);
	  printf("process2 will be in the state of ready!\n");
	  Display_Process(p);
	 }	  
   }
}

void Create_Process()								//创建进程函数
{
  int i;
  struct PCB *p;
  char name[10];
  strcpy(name,"process");
   for(i=1;i<3;i++)							//动态创建2个处于阻塞状态的进程
   {
    p=(struct PCB *)malloc(sizeof(struct PCB));
    p->P_Id=i;
    name[7]=i+'0';
    name[8]='\0';
    strcpy(p->P_Name,name);
    strcpy(p->P_State,"create");
    p->P_Runtime=1;							//所需要的时间片为1
    p->P_Requiry=0;
  
    Display_Process(p);
    Sleep(4000);
    printf(" \n process%d will be in the state of Block, waiting the resource ready \n\n",i);
    DispatchToBlock(p);   						//同时调度到阻塞队列
   } 
   
   for(i=3;i<7;i++)								//创建4个就绪状态的队列
   {
     p=(struct PCB *)malloc(sizeof(struct PCB));
    p->P_Id=i;
    name[7]=i+'0';
    name[8]='\0';
    strcpy(p->P_Name,name);
    strcpy(p->P_State,"create");
    
      p->P_Requiry=1;
    if(i==6)								//在这里个进程6所需要的时间片为2
      p->P_Runtime=2;
    else
      p->P_Runtime=1;
  
    Display_Process(p);
   Sleep(4000);
    printf(" \n process%d will be in the state of Ready, waiting to run \n\n",i);
    DispatchToReady(p);   
   }  
}

void display(struct PCB **head)				  //打印各个状态队列里进程数目
{
  struct PCB *p;
   p=*head;
 while(p!=NULL)
 {
  Sleep(2000);
  printf("\n\nthis process Id is        : %d \n",p->P_Id);
  printf("this process name is      : %s \n",p->P_Name);
  printf("this process state is     : on %s \n ",p->P_State);
  printf("this process Runtime is   : %d \n",p->P_Runtime);
  
if(p->P_Requiry)
  printf("this process resource is ready    \n");
else
  printf("this process resource is not ready ! \n");	
     p=p->next;
  }
}

void Process_Run()								//进程运行函数
{
  struct PCB *p;
  while(Ready_state!=NULL)                     //就绪队列不空则继续执行							
  {  
	   p=Ready_state;
       if(p->P_Runtime<=0) break;				//如果时间片执行完了，则跳出循环
      strcpy(p->P_State,"running");
	Display_Process(p);
      p->P_Runtime=p->P_Runtime-1;
       Sleep(4000);
      if(p->P_Runtime>0)					//没有完成，则进入就绪队列
        {
          printf("this process is not finished,will be dispatch to the ready queue!!\n");
         DeleteQueue(&Ready_state,p);
	  strcpy(p->P_State,"ready");
          InsertQueue(&Ready_state,p);
          Display_Process(p);

        }
      else								//执行完成，则跳出，并发送相应的信息
        {
    	  printf("\n\nProcess%d is finished and will be in the state of exit!\n\n",p->P_Id);
          if(p->P_Id==4) signal4=1;
          if(p->P_Id==5) signal5=1;
		  DeleteQueue(&Ready_state,p);
 	}
       if(signal4||signal5)
          DispatchBlockToReady();		//如果资源满足，则将进程调度到就绪队列
    }
    if(Ready_state==NULL)

    printf("\nthere is no process ready!\n    STOP Machine!!!\n");
}

void main(int argc,char * argv[])					//主函数
{ 
   char c='c';									//界面
   printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \n");
   printf("...................................Ding Hai bo\n");
   printf("......Press s to start the process.......\n");
   scanf("%c",&c);
   while(1)
    {
      if(c=='s'||c=='S')break;
      scanf("%c",&c);
    }
   Create_Process();							//调用创建进程函数
   printf("\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>\n");
   printf("\n>>>>>>> Display the Ready queue  >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>\n"); 
   Sleep(5000);
   display(&Ready_state);         显示就绪队列里的进程
   printf("\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>\n");

   printf("\n>>>>>>>> Display the Block queue   >>>>>>>>>>>>\n");
   Sleep(5000);									//显示阻塞队列函数
   display(&Block_state);         /
   printf("\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>\n\n\n");
 
   printf("\n>>>>>>>>  Now the process start to run     >>>>>>>>>>>\n");
   Sleep(5000);
   Process_Run();								//调用进程运行函数  

}