ajax调用后台controller方法时报415 (Unsupported Media Type)错误

spring mvc ，ajax调用后台controller方法时报415 (Unsupported Media Type)错误

 

错误：ajax的post方法调用后台controller方法时报错：415 (Unsupported Media Type)。下面是错误时的代码

前端：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

var url ="xxx/xxQuery.action"; var params={             year:'2017'         }                                                   ajax(url,params,function(result){             console.log(result);                  })     function ajax(url,params,callback,contentType){       var ajaxoptions={             url:url,             data:params,             type:"POST",             dataType:"json",                     // contentType:",//application/x-www-form-urlencoded application/json"             success:function(res){                 callback(res);                              },              error:function(){                 callback({success:false,description:"失败"});                  }        }     if(contentType!=undefined){                  ajaxoptions=$.extend(ajaxoptions,{contentType:contentType})        }                       $.ajax(ajaxoptions); }

　　

后台：

@RequestMapping(value = { "/xxx/xxQuery.action" })
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> xxQuery(Model model, HttpServletRequest request,
            @RequestBody ORParameter parameter) {

        ........
        return result;
    }

我的思路：对后台spring mvc不熟，只是有个概念服务器应该接收到了http请求，只是因为某种原因没有进入controller，而提前被拦截处理了。然后就开始找http处理的源头，笨办法,从HttpServlet.service开始找 -> DispatcherServlet.doDispatch,找到关键的处理方法handle

抛出错误的位置

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89

package org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation. RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor;   @Override     protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(NativeWebRequest webRequest, MethodParameter methodParam,             Type paramType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException {           HttpServletRequest servletRequest = webRequest.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);         HttpInputMessage inputMessage = new ServletServerHttpRequest(servletRequest);           RequestBody ann = methodParam.getParameterAnnotation(RequestBody.class);         if (!ann.required()) { //由于controller调用的这个方法参数加了@RequestBody，ann.required()这个为true就不走这里，               InputStream inputStream = inputMessage.getBody();             if (inputStream == null) {                 return null;             }             else if (inputStream.markSupported()) {                 inputStream.mark(1);                 if (inputStream.read() == -1) {                     return null;                 }                 inputStream.reset();             }             else {                 final PushbackInputStream pushbackInputStream = new PushbackInputStream(inputStream);                 int b = pushbackInputStream.read();                 if (b == -1) {                     return null;                 }                 else {                     pushbackInputStream.unread(b);                 }                 inputMessage = new ServletServerHttpRequest(servletRequest) {                     @Override                     public InputStream getBody() {                         // Form POST should not get here                         return pushbackInputStream;                     }                 };             }         }           return super.readWithMessageConverters(inputMessage, methodParam, paramType);     }   package org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver(类); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")     protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage,             MethodParameter methodParam, Type targetType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException {           MediaType contentType;         try {             contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();         }         catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) {             throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage());         }         if (contentType == null) {             contentType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;         }           Class<?> contextClass = methodParam.getDeclaringClass();         Map<TypeVariable, Type> map = GenericTypeResolver.getTypeVariableMap(contextClass);         Class<T> targetClass = (Class<T>) GenericTypeResolver.resolveType(targetType, map);           for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {             if (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter) {                 GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter;                 if (genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType)) {                     if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {                         logger.debug("Reading [" + targetType + "] as \"" +                                 contentType + "\" using [" + converter + "]");                     }                     return genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, inputMessage);                 }             }             if (targetClass != null) {                 if (converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType)) {                     if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {                         logger.debug("Reading [" + targetClass.getName() + "] as \"" +                                 contentType + "\" using [" + converter + "]");                     }                     return ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, inputMessage);                 }             }         } 　　　　　　　　　　//这里是报错位置         throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, this.allSupportedMediaTypes);//没有找到参数对应的转换器就报错     }

　　

 原因：@RequestBody

  　a) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，根据request的header部分的Content-Type类型，匹配HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上；

　　b) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

　　前台没有注明后台解析参考的content-type，默认为application/x-www-form-urlencoded ，同时参数是对象也是不是json字符串，后台找不到解析方法。

解决：content-type为application/json格式的数据可以被jackson解读(这里在canread判断时用到)，json对应jackson处理请求中的参数，jackson的参数应该是json字符串（enum JsonToken 这里有关于解析的字符串格式token的枚举内容： START_OBJECT("{").....）， 而不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的字符串“year=2017“。

所以前端请求需改为： 

        ajax(url,JSON.stringify(params),function(result){
                console.log(result); 
                },"application/json")

 

　　

正确解析时，调用的转换器是jackson。

 

备注：调用到参数解析的调用栈

 

可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/mingtianhaiyouwo/article/details/51445345

1.浏览器请求时没有设置Content-Type为Json，对于浏览器来说就是要把POST的内容放到jsonData属性中，而不是params。

2.第三方工具没有设置Content-Type的功能，默认的是Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded