实际案例:
1. 过滤掉用户输入中前后多余的空白字符:
' nick2008@gmail.com'
- 过滤某windows下编辑文本中的'\r':
'hello world\r\n'
3.去掉文本中的unicode组合符号(音调):
u'zhào'
解决方案:
方法一:字符串strip(),lstrip(),rstrip()方法去掉字符串两端字符.
方法二:删除单个固定位置的字符,可以使用切片+拼接的方式.
方法三:字符串的replace()方法或正则表达式re.sub()删除任意位置字符.
方法四:字符串translate()方法,可以同时删除多种不同字符.
字符串strip(),lstrip(),rstrip()方法去掉字符串两端字符.
In [1]: s = ' nick2008@gmail.com' In [5]: s.<span class="wp_keywordlink_affiliate"><a href="https://www.168seo.cn/tag/strip" title="View all posts in strip" target="_blank">strip</a></span>? Docstring: S.strip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. Type: builtin_function_or_method In [2]: s.strip() Out[2]: 'nick2008@gmail.com' # strip() 去除字符串,两侧的空格 In [3]: s.<span class="wp_keywordlink_affiliate"><a href="https://www.168seo.cn/tag/rstrip" title="View all posts in rstrip" target="_blank">rstrip</a></span>() Out[3]: ' nick2008@gmail.com' # 去除字符串右侧的空格 In [4]: s.<span class="wp_keywordlink_affiliate"><a href="https://www.168seo.cn/tag/lstrip" title="View all posts in lstrip" target="_blank">lstrip</a></span>() Out[4]: 'nick2008@gmail.com' # 去除字符串左侧的空格 In [6]: s = "**8888&" In [8]: s.strip("*&") Out[8]: '8888'
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In
[
1
]
:
s
=
' nick2008@gmail.com'
In
[
5
]
:
s
.
strip
?
Docstring
:
S
.
strip
(
[
chars
]
)
->
str
Return
a
copy
of
the
string
S
with
leading
and
trailing
whitespace
removed
.
If
chars
is
given
and
not
None
,
remove
characters
in
chars
instead
.
Type
:
builtin_function_or_method
In
[
2
]
:
s
.
strip
(
)
Out
[
2
]
:
'nick2008@gmail.com'
# strip() 去除字符串,两侧的空格
In
[
3
]
:
s
.
rstrip
(
)
Out
[
3
]
:
' nick2008@gmail.com'
# 去除字符串右侧的空格
In
[
4
]
:
s
.
lstrip
(
)
Out
[
4
]
:
'nick2008@gmail.com'
# 去除字符串左侧的空格
In
[
6
]
:
s
=
"**8888&"
In
[
8
]
:
s
.
strip
(
"*&"
)
Out
[
8
]
:
'8888'
|
删除单个固定位置的字符,可以使用切片+拼接的方式.
In [9]: s = "abc:lll" In [10]: s[:3] Out[10]: 'abc' In [11]: s[4:] Out[11]: 'lll' In [12]: s[:3]+s[4:] Out[12]: 'abclll'
|
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10
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In
[
9
]
:
s
=
"abc:lll"
In
[
10
]
:
s
[
:
3
]
Out
[
10
]
:
'abc'
In
[
11
]
:
s
[
4
:
]
Out
[
11
]
:
'lll'
In
[
12
]
:
s
[
:
3
]
+
s
[
4
:
]
Out
[
12
]
:
'abclll'
|
字符串的replace()方法或正则表达式re.sub()删除任意位置字符.
In [13]: s Out[13]: 'abc:lll' In [14]: s.replace(':','') Out[14]: 'abclll' # replace 只替换单一的字符 对于多个字符替换,我们可以使用re.sub In [21]: s ="\tsdfsdf\rsdfdsfd\r" In [22]: re.sub("[\t\r\s]",'',s) Out[22]: 'sdfsdfsdfdsfd' In [23]: re.sub? Signature: re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0) Docstring: Return the string obtained by replacing the leftmost non-overlapping occurrences of the pattern in string by the replacement repl. repl can be either a string or a callable; if a string, backslash escapes in it are processed. If it is a callable, it's passed the match object and must return a replacement string to be used.
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In
[
13
]
:
s
Out
[
13
]
:
'abc:lll'
In
[
14
]
:
s
.
replace
(
':'
,
''
)
Out
[
14
]
:
'abclll'
# replace 只替换单一的字符
对于多个字符替换
,我们可以使用
re
.
sub
In
[
21
]
:
s
=
"\tsdfsdf\rsdfdsfd\r"
In
[
22
]
:
re
.
sub
(
"[\t\r\s]"
,
''
,
s
)
Out
[
22
]
:
'sdfsdfsdfdsfd'
In
[
23
]
:
re
.
sub
?
Signature
:
re
.
sub
(
pattern
,
repl
,
string
,
count
=
0
,
flags
=
0
)
Docstring
:
Return
the
string
obtained
by
replacing
the
leftmost
non
-
overlapping
occurrences
of
the
pattern
in
string
by
the
replacement
repl
.
repl
can
be
either
a
string
or
a
callable
;
if
a
string
,
backslash
escapes
in
it
are
processed
.
If
it
is
a
callable
,
it'
s
passed
the
match
object
and
must
return
a
replacement
string
to
be
used
.
|
字符串translate()方法,可以同时删除多种不同字符.
Python maketrans() 方法用于创建字符映射的转换表，对于接受两个参数的最简单的调用方式，第一个参数是字符串，表示需要转换的字符，第二个参数也是字符串表示转换的目标。
注：两个字符串的长度必须相同，为一一对应的关系
In [32]: s Out[32]: 'abcoooooooxyz' In [33]: str.maketrans('abcxyz','xyzabc') Out[33]: {97: 120, 98: 121, 99: 122, 120: 97, 121: 98, 122: 99} # 注意 maketrans 在Python3 中不是通过 String 模块导入的,可以直接使用内置的函数str In [34]: s.<span class="wp_keywordlink_affiliate"><a href="https://www.168seo.cn/tag/translate" title="View all posts in translate" target="_blank">translate</a></span>(str.maketrans('abcxyz','xyzabc')) Out[34]: 'xyzoooooooabc'
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In
[
32
]
:
s
Out
[
32
]
:
'abcoooooooxyz'
In
[
33
]
:
str
.
maketrans
(
'abcxyz'
,
'xyzabc'
)
Out
[
33
]
:
{
97
:
120
,
98
:
121
,
99
:
122
,
120
:
97
,
121
:
98
,
122
:
99
}
# 注意 maketrans 在Python3 中不是通过 String 模块导入的,可以直接使用内置的函数str
In
[
34
]
:
s
.
translate
(
str
.
maketrans
(
'abcxyz'
,
'xyzabc'
)
)
Out
[
34
]
:
'xyzoooooooabc'
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