转载自:https://my.oschina.net/u/4108008/blog/3113951
目录
-
继承Thread类并重写run()方法
继承Thread类并重写run()方法,这种方式的弊端是一个类只能继承一个父类,如果这个类本身已经继承了其它类,就不能使用这种方式了。
public class CreatingThread01 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(getName() + " is running");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new CreatingThread01().start();
new CreatingThread01().start();
new CreatingThread01().start();
new CreatingThread01().start();
}
}
-
实现Runnable接口
实现Runnable接口,这种方式的好处是一个类可以实现多个接口,不影响其继承体系。
public class CreatingThread02 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new CreatingThread02()).start();
new Thread(new CreatingThread02()).start();
new Thread(new CreatingThread02()).start();
new Thread(new CreatingThread02()).start();
}
}
-
匿名内部类
使用匿名类的方式,一是重写Thread的run()方法,二是传入Runnable的匿名类,三是使用lambda方式,现在一般使用第三种(java8+),简单快捷。
public class CreatingThread03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Thread匿名类,重写Thread的run()方法
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(getName() + " is running");
}
}.start();
// Runnable匿名类,实现其run()方法
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
}).start();
// 同上,使用lambda表达式函数式编程
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}).start();
}
}
-
实现Callabe接口
实现Callabe接口,可以获取线程执行的结果,FutureTask实际上实现了Runnable接口。
public class CreatingThread04 implements Callable<Long> {
@Override
public Long call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " is running");
return Thread.currentThread().getId();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
FutureTask<Long> task = new FutureTask<>(new CreatingThread04());
new Thread(task).start();
System.out.println("等待完成任务");
Long result = task.get();
System.out.println("任务结果:" + result);
}
}
-
定时器(java.util.Timer)
使用定时器java.util.Timer可以快速地实现定时任务,TimerTask实际上实现了Runnable接口。
public class CreatingThread05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Timer timer = new Timer();
// 每隔1秒执行一次
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
}, 0 , 1000);
}
}
-
线程池
使用线程池的方式,可以复用线程,节约系统资源。
public class CreatingThread06 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
threadPool.execute(()-> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running"));
}
}
}
-
并行计算(Java8+)
public class CreatingThread07 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
// 串行,打印结果为12345
list.stream().forEach(System.out::print);
System.out.println();
// 并行,打印结果随机,比如35214
list.parallelStream().forEach(System.out::print);
}
}
-
Spring异步方法
首先,springboot启动类加上@EnableAsync
注解(@EnableAsync是spring支持的,这里方便举例使用springboot)。
其次,方法加上@Async
注解。
然后,测试用例直接跟使用一般的Service方法一模一样。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
@Service
public class CreatingThread08Service {
@Async
public void call() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
}
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
public class CreatingThread08Test {
@Autowired
private CreatingThread08Service creatingThread08Service;
@Test
public void test() {
creatingThread08Service.call();
creatingThread08Service.call();
creatingThread08Service.call();
creatingThread08Service.call();
}
}