Hibernate学习笔记七

HQL与QBC检索：

 

HQL查询：

HQL（HibernateQuery Language）是面向对象的查询语言，它和SQL查询语言有些相似。在Hibernate提供的各种检索方式中，HQL是使用最广的一种检索方式。

1)

        Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name, s.age from Student s");

        List list = query.list();

        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

        {

           /**

            * Return the queryresults as a List.

            * If the querycontains multiple resultspre row,

            * the results arereturned in an instance of Object[].

            */

           Object[] obj = (Object[])list.get(i);

           System.out.println(obj[0] +", " + obj[1]);

        }

这样查询的结果是离散的值，返回的是一个数组。

2)

        Query query = session.createQuery("select new Student(s.name, s.age) from Students");

        List list = query.list();

        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

        {

           Student student = (Student)list.get(i);

           System.out.println(student.getName() +", " + student.getAge());

           //查出来的对象不包含cardId，打印为null

           System.out.println(student.getCardId());

        }

构造一个对象进行查询。

注意：需要为Student类提供带name、age两个参数(顺序也要一致)的构造函数，否则会出现下面异常：

org.hibernate.hql.ast.QuerySyntaxException : Unable to locate appropriate constructor on class[com.songjinghao.hibernate.Student] [select new Student(s.name, s.age) fromcom.songjinghao.hibernate.Student s]

3)

Query query = session.createQuery("from Team t join t.students"); //抵消掉了延迟加载

命令行打印出的SQL语句，即该语句向数据库发出的SQL语句：

select

        team0_.id as id0_0_,

        students1_.id as id1_1_,

        team0_.teamName as teamName0_0_,

        students1_.name as name1_1_,

        students1_.cardId as cardId1_1_,

        students1_.age as age1_1_,

        students1_.team_id as team5_1_1_

    from

        team team0_

    inner join

        student students1_

            onteam0_.id=students1_.team_id

以上是内连接(inner join)查询。

对应的SQL语句如下：

select*from teamjoin student on team.id = student.team_id;

等价于：

select*from team, studentwhere team.id = student.team_id;

内连接查询出来的结果是满足team.id= student.team_id条件的所以记录。

 

顺便记录一下左外连接(leftouterjoin)：

select*from teamleftouterjoin studenton team.id = student.team_id;

右外连接同样道理，不举例了。

左连接以左表为准，右连接以右表为准。

 

附图：

依次为：team表、student表、内连接结果、左连接结果、右连接结果

附程序说明内连接抵消延迟加载问题：

      Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

      Transaction tx = null;

      Query query = null;

      List list = null;

      try

      {

        tx = session.beginTransaction();

        query = session.createQuery("from Team t join t.students"); //抵消掉了延迟加载

        list = query.list();

        tx.commit();

      }

      catch(Exception ex)

      {

        ex.printStackTrace();

        if(tx !=null)

        {

           tx.rollback();

        }

      }

      finally

      {

        session.close();

      }

      //返回的结果是team和student信息的拼合，可参考上图

      for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

      {

        Object[] obj = (Object[])list.get(i);

        Team team = (Team)obj[0];

        Student student = (Student)obj[1];

        System.out.println(team.getTeamName());

        System.out.println(student.getName());

        System.out.println("-------------------");

      }

将映射文件中lazy属性值改为true，即延迟加载。以上程序中在session关闭之后，依然能够获得到查询的结果。说明：query = session.createQuery("from Team t join t.students"); //抵消掉了延迟加载

4) 命名查询

        Team team = (Team)session.get(Team.class,"ff8080813b465b05013b465b069c0001");

        //HQL命名查询：":自定义命名"

        Query query = session.createQuery("from Student s where s.team = :team and s.age > 20");

        //命名查询方式一：

//      query.setParameter("team", team,Hibernate.entity(Team.class));

        //命名查询方式二：

//      query.setEntity("team", team);

        //过滤方式查询

//      Query query = session.createFilter(team.getStudents(),"where age > 20");

        List<Student> list = query.list();

        System.out.println(list.size());

 

QBC查询：

采用HQL检索方式时，在应用程序中需要定义基于字符串形式的HQL查询语句。

QBC API 提供了检索对象的另一种方式，它主要由Criteria接口、Criterion接口和Expression类组成，它支持在运行时动态生成查询语句。

//      Criteria criteria =session.createCriteria(Student.class).add(Restrictions.between("age",new Integer(12), new Integer(30)));

//      Criteria criteria =session.createCriteria(Student.class).add(Restrictions.like("name","t%"));

//      Criteria criteria =session.createCriteria(Student.class).addOrder(Order.asc("age")).addOrder(Order.desc("cardId"));

        String[] names = {"jerry","spark", "tom"};

        Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Student.class).add(Restrictions.in("name", names));

        List<Student> list = criteria.list();

        for(Student s : list)

        {

           System.out.println(s.getName());

        }