AsyncSubject,BehaviorSuject,PublishSubject和ReplaySubject之间的区别

知识无所谓新旧,学到了,让我们成长了就是收获.
重新梳理下RxJava中的Subject,它是一个桥梁或代理的角色,即可做observer又可以做observable,因为它即可充当Observer观察数据,还可以充当Observable发射数据.

subject的种类

针对不同场景提供了四种subject供我们使用,分别视AsyncSubject,BehaviorSubject,ReplaySubject,下面就分析一下他们各自的特点和使用场景.

AsyncSubject

AsyncSubject是异步订阅,它的特点是一个AsyncSubject只在原始Observal完成后,发射来自原始数据的最后一个值,如果原始Observable没有发射任何数据,AsyncObject也不发射任何值) 它会把最后一个值发射给任何后续的观察者.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  private AsyncSubject<String> asyncSubject;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    asyncSubject = AsyncSubject.create();
    asyncSubject.subscribe(
        next -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "next: " + next);
        },
        throwable -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "throwable:" + throwable);
        },
        () -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "complete ...  ");
        });
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      asyncSubject.onNext("songdaren");
      if (i == 9) {
        asyncSubject.onComplete();
      }
    }
  }
}

输出结果,只有调用onComplete后才收到了最后一条

2022-01-16 12:41:30.268 12554-12554/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: songdaren
2022-01-16 12:41:30.268 12554-12554/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: complete ...  

如果原始的Observable因为错误而终止,AysncSubject只会收到一个错误的回调

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  private AsyncSubject<String> asyncSubject;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    asyncSubject = AsyncSubject.create();
    asyncSubject.subscribe(
        next -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "next: " + next);
        },
        throwable -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "throwable:" + throwable);
        },
        () -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "complete ...  ");
        });
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      asyncSubject.onError(new Exception("custom error..."));
    }
  }
}

输出的结果:

2022-01-16 12:45:52.586 13397-13397/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: throwable:java.lang.Exception: custom error...

分析应用场景:使用场景是一个数据的处理和展示会收到多次回调,但是只有数据出完成后才需要下一步的处理.

BehaverSubject

当订阅者订阅BehaviorSubject时,它开始发射原始Observable最近发射的数据,如果订阅的时候还没有收到任何数据它也会发送一个默认值,然后继续发射其他来自原始Obervable的数据.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  private BehaviorSubject<String> behaviorSubject;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    behaviorSubject = BehaviorSubject.create();
    behaviorSubject.onNext("BehaviorSubject...");
    behaviorSubject.subscribe(
        next -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "next: " + next);
        },
        throwable -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "throwable:" + throwable);
        },
        () -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "complete ...  ");
        });
  }
}

输出结果

2022-01-16 13:05:22.015 17116-17116/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: BehaviorSubject...

从输出结果上可以看出在他订阅之前发送的也会接收到.

PublishSubject

PublishSubject只会把在订阅发生的时间点之后来之Observable的数据发射给观察者,需要注意的是PublishSubject可能会已创建就立刻开始发送数据.因此这里会存在一个风险,在Subject被创建后有观察者订阅它之前这段时间内,一个或多个数据可能丢失

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  private PublishSubject<String> publishSubject;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    publishSubject = PublishSubject.create();
    publishSubject.onNext("subject before...");
    publishSubject.subscribe(
        next -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "next: " + next);
        },
        throwable -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "throwable:" + throwable);
        },
        () -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "complete ...  ");
        });
    publishSubject.onNext("subject after");
  }
}

输出结果

2022-01-16 19:06:56.878 14498-14498/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: subject after

只会收到订阅之后的事件

ReplaySubject

ReplaySubject会发射所有来自原始Observable的数据给观察者,无论它们是何时订阅的,也有一些版本时缓存一定大小和过了一段时间后会丢弃旧的数据.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  private ReplaySubject<String> replaySubject;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    replaySubject = ReplaySubject.create();
    replaySubject.onNext("subject before...1");
    replaySubject.onNext("subject before...2");
    replaySubject.onNext("subject before...3");
    replaySubject.onNext("subject before...4");

    replaySubject.subscribe(
        next -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "next: " + next);
        },
        throwable -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "throwable:" + throwable);
        },
        () -> {
          Log.d("songdaren", "complete ...  ");
        });
    replaySubject.onNext("subject after");
  }
}

输出结果

2022-01-16 19:32:56.907 16743-16743/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: subject before...1
2022-01-16 19:32:56.907 16743-16743/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: subject before...2
2022-01-16 19:32:56.907 16743-16743/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: subject before...3
2022-01-16 19:32:56.907 16743-16743/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: subject before...4
2022-01-16 19:32:56.907 16743-16743/song.da.ren.rxdemo D/songdaren: next: subject after

这里收到了订阅之前的所有数据

总结

在使用的使用要根据自己项目的需求选择合适的Subject