用maven整合struts+spring+hibernate之二 数据库生成和测试数据

这一步要实现的目标是在执行mvn package时，maven为我们自动创建数据表，并将测试数据添加进去。是不是很实用？你要觉得不所谓，也要以跳过这步。 

一、加入ssh支持 
就是增加struts、spring、hibernate等的依赖包啦。。不细说了。后面详细说明。 

二、配置插件 
这一块是最复杂的，先来了解两个插件： 

1、hibernate3-maven-plugin插件可实现自动生成数据库schema 
hibernate3:hbm2cfgxml: Generates hibernate.cfg.xml 
hibernate3:hbm2ddl: Generates database schema. 
hibernate3:hbm2doc: Generates HTML documentation for the database schema. 
hibernate3:hbm2hbmxml: Generates a set of hbm.xml files 
hibernate3:hbm2java: Generates Java classes from set of *.hbm.xml files 
hibernate3:schema-export: Creates SQL DDL file and generates the database schema from set of *.hbm.xml files 
hibernate3:schema-update: Updates the database schema based on the set of *.hbm.xml files 

2、dbunit-maven-plugin,可以实现数据库中数据的导入导出 
dbunit:operation: Execute a database operation using an external dataset file. 
dbunit:export: Export database tables into a dataset file. 
dbunit:compare: Compare a dataset with database. 

了解上面两个插件后，就可以用到它们了。怎么用，就是在pom.xml加入以下代码： 

Java代码  

1. <build>  
2.     <finalName>sshExt</finalName>  
3.     <!-- hibernate3-maven-plugin负责生成数据库 -->  
4.     <plugins>  
5.         <plugin>  
6.         <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  
7.         <artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>  
8.         <version>2.1</version>  
9.         <dependencies>  
10.            <dependency>  
11.              <groupId>mysql</groupId>  
12.              <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  
13.              <version>5.0.5</version>  
14.           </dependency>  
15.         </dependencies>  
16.         <configuration>  
17.           <components>  
18.             <component>  
19.               <name>hbm2ddl</name>  
20.               <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>  
21.             </component>  
22.           </components>  
23.           <componentProperties>  
24.             <drop>true</drop>  
25.             <jdk5>true</jdk5>  
26.             <propertyfile>target/classes/jdbc.properties</propertyfile>  
27.                      </componentProperties>  
28.             <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip><!--很重要，可以控制是否要在package时重新建表-->  
29.         </configuration>  
30.         <executions>  
31.           <execution>  
32.             <phase>process-test-resources</phase>  
33.             <goals>  
34.                <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>  
35.             </goals>  
36.          </execution>  
37.        </executions>  
38.       </plugin>  
39.         
40.       <!-- dbunit-maven-plugin负责数据库的导入导出 -->  
41.       <plugin>  
42.         <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  
43.         <artifactId>dbunit-maven-plugin</artifactId>  
44.         <version>1.0-beta-1</version>  
45.         <executions>  
46.           <execution>  
47.             <id>test-compile</id>  
48.             <phase>test-compile</phase>  
49.             <goals>  
50.               <goal>operation</goal>  
51.             </goals>  
52.           </execution>  
53.           <execution>  
54.             <id>test</id>  
55.             <phase>test</phase>  
56.             <goals>  
57.               <goal>operation</goal>  
58.             </goals>  
59.           </execution>  
60.         </executions>  
61.         <dependencies>  
62.           <dependency>  
63.             <groupId>${jdbc.groupId}</groupId>  
64.             <artifactId>${jdbc.artifactId}</artifactId>  
65.             <version>${jdbc.version}</version>  
66.           </dependency>  
67.         </dependencies>  
68.         <configuration>  
69.           <dataTypeFactoryName>${dbunit.dataTypeFactoryName}</dataTypeFactoryName>  
70.           <driver>${jdbc.driverClassName}</driver>  
71.           <username>${jdbc.username}</username>  
72.           <password>${jdbc.password}</password>  
73.           <url>${jdbc.url}</url>  
74.           <src>src/test/resources/sample-data.xml</src>  
75.           <type>${dbunit.operation.type}</type>  
76.           <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip><!--很重要，可以控制是否要在package时插入测试数据-->  
77.         </configuration>  
78.       </plugin>  
79.     </plugins>  
80.   </build>  

三、配置数据库连接 
除了pom.xml文件。还需一个jdbc.properties文件。内容如下： 

Java代码  

1. hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect  
2. hibernate.connection.username=root  
3. hibernate.connection.password=  
4. hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8  
5. hibernate.connection.driver_class=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  

四、配置实体，由于我们采用hibernate框架 
hibernate.cfg.xml： 

Java代码  

1. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"  
2.     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">  
3.   
4. <hibernate-configuration>  
5.     <session-factory>  
6.         <mapping class="net.apex.framework.model.User"/>  
7.         <!-- <mapping class="net.apex.framework.model.Role"/> -->  
8.     </session-factory>  
9. </hibernate-configuration>  

五、配置持久化方案 
persistence.xml: 

Java代码  

1. <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"  
2.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
3.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"  
4.     version="1.0">  
5.     <persistence-unit name="ApplicationEntityManager" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">  
6.         <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>  
7.         <!--   
8.         <properties>  
9.             <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>  
10.         </properties>  
11.          -->  
12.     </persistence-unit>  
13. </persistence>  

这个文件基本就这样。 

六、添加实体对象 
User.java: 

Java代码  

1. /** 
2.  *  
3.  */  
4. package net.apex.framework.model;  
5.   
6. import javax.persistence.Column;  
7. import javax.persistence.Entity;  
8. import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;  
9. import javax.persistence.Id;  
10.   
11. /** 
12.  * @author Administrator 
13.  * 
14.  */  
15. @Entity  
16. public class User {  
17.     private Long id;  
18.     private String name;  
19.     /** 
20.      * @return the id 
21.      */  
22.     @Id  
23.     @GeneratedValue  
24.     public Long getId() {  
25.         return id;  
26.     }  
27.     /** 
28.      * @param id the id to set 
29.      */  
30.     public void setId(Long id) {  
31.         this.id = id;  
32.     }  
33.     /** 
34.      * @return the name 
35.      */  
36.     @Column(name="name")  
37.     public String getName() {  
38.         return name;  
39.     }  
40.     /** 
41.      * @param name the name to set 
42.      */  
43.     public void setName(String name) {  
44.         this.name = name;  
45.     }  
46.       
47. }  

这个实体对象采用annotaion来做持久化映射 

七、添加测试数据 
sample-data.xml: 

Java代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <dataset>  
3.     <table name="user">  
4.         <column>id</column>  
5.         <column>name</column>  
6.         <row>  
7.             <value description="id">-1</value>  
8.             <value description="name">user</value>  
9.         </row>  
10.         <row>  
11.             <value description="id">-2</value>  
12.             <value description="name">admin</value>  
13.         </row>  
14.     </table>  
15.   
16. </dataset>  

以上配置基本实现了。在这个maven工程启动时，会自动创建数据库，并将sample-data.xml中的测试数据插入到数据库中。那么如果数据库通过其它来源已插入了一些不错的数据，怎么将它导入到sample-data.xml中呢。有办法： 

Java代码  

1. mvn dbunit:export -Ddest=sample-data.xml  

上面的几个文件的目录是这样的： 
src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml 
src/main/resources/jdbc.properties 
src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml 
src/test/resources/sample-data.xml 
pom.xml