zuul源码深度解析之四：zuul请求流程

1. ZuulController，ZuulHanlderMapping集成

1.1 ZuulHanlderMapping

ZuulHanlderMapping的初始化情况如下，在spring mvc的DispatcherServelet的initHandlerMapping方法会初始化ZuulHanlderMapping，BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors会找type类型为HandlerMapping.class的所有类注入到handlerMappings.而前面的章节分析过ZuulHanlderMapping在ZuulServer中被注入。

	/** List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet */
	private List<HandlerMapping> handlerMappings;
	
	private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
		this.handlerMappings = null;

		if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
			// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
			Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
					BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
			if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values());
				// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
				AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
			}
		}
		else {
			try {
				HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
				this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
			}
			catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
				// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
			}
		}

		// Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
		// a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
		if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
			this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
			}
		}
	}

ZuulHanlderMapping的源码如下图：可以看到ZuulHanlderMapping在registerHandlers中获取了所有路由关系，然后把path跟ZuulController作为key，value写入到handlerMap，this.handlerMap.put(urlPath,ResolvedHandler).这样会根据相关的path，找到相对应的controller处理请求。

public class ZuulHandlerMapping extends AbstractUrlHandlerMapping {

	private final RouteLocator routeLocator;

	private final ZuulController zuul;

	private ErrorController errorController;

	private PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();

	private volatile boolean dirty = true;

	public ZuulHandlerMapping(RouteLocator routeLocator, ZuulController zuul) {
		this.routeLocator = routeLocator;
		this.zuul = zuul;
		setOrder(-200);
	}

	@Override
	protected HandlerExecutionChain getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(HttpServletRequest request,
			HandlerExecutionChain chain, CorsConfiguration config) {
		if (config == null) {
			// Allow CORS requests to go to the backend
			return chain;
		}
		return super.getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, chain, config);
	}

	public void setErrorController(ErrorController errorController) {
		this.errorController = errorController;
	}

	public void setDirty(boolean dirty) {
		this.dirty = dirty;
		if (this.routeLocator instanceof RefreshableRouteLocator) {
			((RefreshableRouteLocator) this.routeLocator).refresh();
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected Object lookupHandler(String urlPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		if (this.errorController != null && urlPath.equals(this.errorController.getErrorPath())) {
			return null;
		}
		if (isIgnoredPath(urlPath, this.routeLocator.getIgnoredPaths())) return null;
		RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
		if (ctx.containsKey("forward.to")) {
			return null;
		}
		if (this.dirty) {
			synchronized (this) {
				if (this.dirty) {
					registerHandlers();
					this.dirty = false;
				}
			}
		}
		return super.lookupHandler(urlPath, request);
	}

	private boolean isIgnoredPath(String urlPath, Collection<String> ignored) {
		if (ignored != null) {
			for (String ignoredPath : ignored) {
				if (this.pathMatcher.match(ignoredPath, urlPath)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	private void registerHandlers() {
		Collection<Route> routes = this.routeLocator.getRoutes();
		if (routes.isEmpty()) {
			this.logger.warn("No routes found from RouteLocator");
		}
		else {
			for (Route route : routes) {
				registerHandler(route.getFullPath(), this.zuul);
			}
		}
	}

}

1.2 ZuulController

zuulController继承ServletWrappingController，并设置ServletClass为zuul的核心类zuulServlet，在实际调用中，相关逻辑委托给了zuulServlet处理。

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ServletWrappingController;
public class ZuulController extends ServletWrappingController {

	public ZuulController() {
		setServletClass(ZuulServlet.class);
		setServletName("zuul");
		setSupportedMethods((String[]) null); // Allow all
	}

	@Override
	public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		try {
			// We don't care about the other features of the base class, just want to
			// handle the request
			return super.handleRequestInternal(request, response);
		}
		finally {
			// @see com.netflix.zuul.context.ContextLifecycleFilter.doFilter
			RequestContext.getCurrentContext().unset();
		}
	}

}

1.3 调用链路

网关启动后，请求的链路怎么到达zuul的filter处理，这里主要是容器跟spring mvc web相关的内容，只做简单分析。
zuul过滤器的入口处理类是ZuulServlet.service方法。下图是其调用方法栈。

DiapatchServlet.doDispatch的主要逻辑如下

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

				// Determine handler for the current request.
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
				String method = request.getMethod();
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
					}
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}

				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				// Actually invoke the handler.
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}

				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
			}
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}

主要过一下ZuulHandlerMapping跟zuulController在其中的逻辑，ZuulHandlerMapping在mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);这段代码的逻辑中，遍历handlerMappings（前面提了ZuulHandlerMapping会被初始化到该集合中）

protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace(
						"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
			}
			HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
			if (handler != null) {
				return handler;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

hm.getHandler(request)代码如下：

@Override
	public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
		if (handler == null) {
			handler = getDefaultHandler();
		}
		if (handler == null) {
			return null;
		}
		// Bean name or resolved handler?
		if (handler instanceof String) {
			String handlerName = (String) handler;
			handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
		}

		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
		if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
			CorsConfiguration globalConfig = this.globalCorsConfigSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
			CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
			executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
		}
		return executionChain;
	}

Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);代码调用如下：

@Override
	protected Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
		Object handler = lookupHandler(lookupPath, request);
		if (handler == null) {
			// We need to care for the default handler directly, since we need to
			// expose the PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE for it as well.
			Object rawHandler = null;
			if ("/".equals(lookupPath)) {
				rawHandler = getRootHandler();
			}
			if (rawHandler == null) {
				rawHandler = getDefaultHandler();
			}
			if (rawHandler != null) {
				// Bean name or resolved handler?
				if (rawHandler instanceof String) {
					String handlerName = (String) rawHandler;
					rawHandler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
				}
				validateHandler(rawHandler, request);
				handler = buildPathExposingHandler(rawHandler, lookupPath, lookupPath, null);
			}
		}
		if (handler != null && logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Mapping [" + lookupPath + "] to " + handler);
		}
		else if (handler == null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("No handler mapping found for [" + lookupPath + "]");
		}
		return handler;
	}

走到Object handler = lookupHandler(lookupPath, request)；调用ZuulHandlerMapping.lookupHandler方法。该方法会根据前一章节分析的路由规则，把urlPath跟zuulController对应关联起来。

	@Override
	protected Object lookupHandler(String urlPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		if (this.errorController != null && urlPath.equals(this.errorController.getErrorPath())) {
			return null;
		}
		if (isIgnoredPath(urlPath, this.routeLocator.getIgnoredPaths())) return null;
		RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
		if (ctx.containsKey("forward.to")) {
			return null;
		}
		if (this.dirty) {
			synchronized (this) {
				if (this.dirty) {
					registerHandlers();
					this.dirty = false;
				}
			}
		}
		return super.lookupHandler(urlPath, request);
	}

	private boolean isIgnoredPath(String urlPath, Collection<String> ignored) {
		if (ignored != null) {
			for (String ignoredPath : ignored) {
				if (this.pathMatcher.match(ignoredPath, urlPath)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	private void registerHandlers() {
		Collection<Route> routes = this.routeLocator.getRoutes();
		if (routes.isEmpty()) {
			this.logger.warn("No routes found from RouteLocator");
		}
		else {
			for (Route route : routes) {
				registerHandler(route.getFullPath(), this.zuul);
			}
		}
	}

整个链路调用如下：

回到DispatcherServlet中，真正处理handle时会传入mappedHandler.getHandler()，即该path对应的controller：ZuulController，前面说了ZuulController的真正处理类是ZuulServlet。这里需要注意的是，如果该path在路由关系中不存在，则handler为null，通过/error调用相关的错误处理controller（BasicErrorController）返回404错误页面。

mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

1.4 zuul-core ZuulServlet调用逻辑

ZuulServlet.service方法，代码逻辑比较清晰，执行preRoute->route->postRoute，在执行preRoute跟route出现zuulException是执行error，postRoute。postRoute异常则执行error。无法捕获的异常，则转换成error(new ZuulException(e, 500, “UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION_” + e.getClass().getName()));

public void service(javax.servlet.ServletRequest servletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            init((HttpServletRequest) servletRequest, (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse);

            // Marks this request as having passed through the "Zuul engine", as opposed to servlets
            // explicitly bound in web.xml, for which requests will not have the same data attached
            RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
            context.setZuulEngineRan();

            try {
                preRoute();
            } catch (ZuulException e) {
                error(e);
                postRoute();
                return;
            }
            try {
                route();
            } catch (ZuulException e) {
                error(e);
                postRoute();
                return;
            }
            try {
                postRoute();
            } catch (ZuulException e) {
                error(e);
                return;
            }

        } catch (Throwable e) {
            error(new ZuulException(e, 500, "UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION_" + e.getClass().getName()));
        } finally {
            RequestContext.getCurrentContext().unset();
        }
    }

preRoute,route,postRoute,error调用相关的filter逻辑一样，责任链模式，执行类找到相关类型（filterType）的过滤器按顺序（filterOrder）执行。核心逻辑如下：至于怎么找到相关的filter，在前面篇章@EnableZuulServer初始化已经说明。

public Object runFilters(String sType) throws Throwable {
        if (RequestContext.getCurrentContext().debugRouting()) {
            Debug.addRoutingDebug("Invoking {" + sType + "} type filters");
        }
        boolean bResult = false;
        List<ZuulFilter> list = FilterLoader.getInstance().getFiltersByType(sType);
        if (list != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                ZuulFilter zuulFilter = list.get(i);
                Object result = processZuulFilter(zuulFilter);
                if (result != null && result instanceof Boolean) {
                    bResult |= ((Boolean) result);
                }
            }
        }
        return bResult;
    }