C++常用拷贝和替换算法

copy //容器内指定范围的元素拷贝到另一个容器中
replace //将容器内指定范围的旧元素修改为新元素
replace_if //容器内指定范围满足条件的元素替换为新元素
swap //互换两个容器的元素

（1）copy
函数原型：
copy(iterator beg,iterator end,iterator dest);
示例：

class myPrint{
	public:
      void  operator()(int val){
   	        cout<<val<<"  "; 
      }
};

void test01(){
	vector<int>v1;
	
	for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){
		v1.push_back(i); 
	}
	//目标容器 
	vector<int>v2;
	v2.resize(v1.size());
	copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin());
	 
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;
}

（2）replace和replace_if
将容器内指定范围的旧元素修改为新元素
replace(iterator beg,iterator end,oldvalue,newvalue);

将区间内满足田间的元素，替换成指定元素，
replace(iterator beg,iterator end,_pred,newvalue);
示例：

class myPrint{
	public:
		void operator()(int val){
	        cout<<val<<"  ";
		}
};

class Greater20To3000{
  public: 
	bool operator()(int value){
		return value>20;
	}
};


void test01(){
	vector<int>v1;
     v1.push_back(20);
     v1.push_back(30);
     v1.push_back(40);
     v1.push_back(10);
     v1.push_back(70);
     v1.push_back(50);
     v1.push_back(90);
     v1.push_back(80);
     v1.push_back(30);
	
	cout<<"替换前： ";
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;
	
	//将30替换成2000 
	replace(v1.begin(),v1.end(),30,2000);
	cout<<"普通替换后：  " ;
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;
	
	//把大于20的替换成3000 
	replace_if(v1.begin(),v1.end(),Greater20To3000(),3000); 
	cout<<"按条件替换后：  " ;
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;	
}

(3)swap
互换两个同种元素的元素
函数原型：
swap(容器1，容器2);

class myPrint{
	public:
		void operator()(int val){
	        cout<<val<<"  ";
		}
};

void test01(){
	vector<int>v1;
     v1.push_back(20);
     v1.push_back(30);
     v1.push_back(40);
     v1.push_back(10);
     v1.push_back(70);
     v1.push_back(50);
     v1.push_back(90);
     v1.push_back(80);
     v1.push_back(30);
     
    vector<int>v2;
    for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
    	v2.push_back(i);
	} 
	
	cout<<"--------交换前-------------： "<<endl; 
	cout<<"v1:";
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"v2:";
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;
	
	swap(v1,v2);
	cout<<"----------交换后-------------："<<endl;
	cout<<"v1:";
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"v2:";
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myPrint());
	cout<<endl;	
}