网络编程入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 17:57:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 17:57:44 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签：网络 java 服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/soulless_/article/details/123068422

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本文详细介绍了网络编程的基础，包括IP地址的查询、端口的使用以及TCP/IP协议族中的TCP和UDP协议。通过实例展示了如何进行TCP和UDP通信，以及文件上传的过程。此外，还提及了URL在定位网络资源中的作用。最后，讨论了DNS域名解析和HTTP请求的实现。

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网络编程

IP

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(byName);
            InetAddress byName2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(byName2);
            InetAddress byName3= InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(byName3);
            //查询网站ip地址
            InetAddress byName1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(byName1);

            //常用方法
//            System.out.println(byName1.getAddress());
            System.out.println(byName1.getHostName());//域名或自己电脑的名字
            System.out.println(byName1.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(byName1.getHostAddress());//ip
        }catch (UnknownHostException u){
            u.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

端口

端口就是计算机上一个程序的进程

不同进程有不同端口号！用来区分软件！
被规定0~65535
单个协议下端口号不能重复
端口分类
- 公有端口0~1023
  - HTTP:80
  - HTTPS:443
  - FTP:21
  - Telent:23
- 程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配用户或者程序
  - Tomcat：8080
  - MySQL：3306
  - Oracle：1521
- 动态、私有：49152~65535
```
netstat -ano #查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 
tasklist|finderstr "8689" #查看指定端口进程
```

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress1);
        System.out.println(socketAddress2);

        System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress());
        System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
        System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());//端口

    }
}

通信协议

协议：约定，就是一种规范

网络通信协议：速率，传输码率，代码结构，传输控制…

TCP/IP协议族

重要：

TCP：用户传输协议
UDP：用户数据报协议
IP：网络互联协议

TCP UDP对比

TCP：打电话

连接，稳定

三次握手 四次挥手

A:你瞅啥？
B：瞅你咋的？
A：干一场！


A：我要走了
B：你真的要走了吗？
B：你真的真的要走了吗？
A：我真的要走了

客户端、服务端
传输完成，释放连接，效率低

UDP：发短信

不连接，不稳定
客户端、服务端：没有明确的界限
不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你…
导弹
DDOS：洪水攻击！（饱和攻击）

TCP

客户端

1.连接服务器Socket

2.发送消息

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream outputStream =null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
            //3.发送消息
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write("你好！无言！".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (outputStream!=null){
                try {
                    outputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端

1.建立服务端口ServerSocket

2.等待用户的链接accept

3.接收用户的消息

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
        Socket socket=null;
        InputStream inputStream=null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream=null;
        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true){
                //2.等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3.读取客户端的消息
                inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while((len = inputStream.read(bytes))!= -1){
                    byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
                }
                System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
            }
            /*byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
             int len;
             while((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
                 String msg = new String(buffer,0,len);
                 System.out.println(msg);
             }*/

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (byteArrayOutputStream!=null){
                try {
                    byteArrayOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (inputStream!=null){
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

服务器

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务器端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //端口号
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        //等待客户端发送数据
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听
        //获取输入流
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //文件输出
        FileOutputStream fis = new FileOutputStream("word2.txt");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            fis.write(bytes,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fis.close();
        inputStream.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//文件上传
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //服务器地址
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9999);
        //输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //读取文件
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("word.txt");
        //写出文件
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            os.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();


        //确定服务器端接收完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] bytes1 = new byte[2048];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(bytes1))!=-1){
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes1,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());

        //关闭资源
        byteArrayOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

Tomcat

服务端

自定义S
Tomcat服务器S：Java后台开发！

客户端

自定义C
浏览器B

UDP

发送消息

客户端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

//udp发送包不用连接服务器端
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8080);

        //建个包
        String msg = "你好，服务器！";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;

        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);

        //发送包
        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);

        //关闭流
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

服务器端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;

public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开启自己的端口
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
        System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));


        //关闭连接
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

咨询

循环发送端



import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;


//消息发送方
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建连接
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        BufferedReader bufferedReader;
        while (true){

            //数据包，键盘输入接收
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(),0,data.getBytes().length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            //发送包
            datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
            if (new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()).equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        //关闭资源

        bufferedReader.close();
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

循环接收端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

//消息接收方
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while (true){
            //准备接收数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);

            datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞式监听接收

            String receiveData = new String(datagramPacket.getData(), 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
            //断开连接 bye
            if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(receiveData);
        }
        //关闭资源
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

URL

https://www.baidu.com/

统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源

DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxxx.x…x…x

协议：//IP地址：端口/项目名/资源

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=wuyan&password=123");//设置一个不存在的地址

        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
    }
}

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //真实的图片下载url
        URL url = new URL("https://pic.netbian.com/uploads/allimg/220218/003619-164511577931be.jpg");

        //打开连接http
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        //流
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("girl.jpg");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            fileOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
        }

        //关闭流
        fileOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        httpURLConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
    }
}