C++ Primer Plus 学习笔记 第十四章 valarray类 私有继承

Valarray类

模板类

格式：

基本函数：

程序示例：

studentc.h 奇怪 为毛没有彩色

#ifndef STUDENTC_H_
#define STUDENTC_H_

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <valarray>
class Student
{
  private:
    typedef std::valarray<double> ArrayDb;
    std::string name;
    ArrayDb scores;
    std::ostream & arr_out(std::ostream & os) const;
  public:
    Student() : name("Null Student"), scores() {}
    explicit Student(const std::string & s) : name(s), scores() {}
    explicit Student(int n) : name("Nully"), scores(n) {}
    Student(const std::string & s, int n) : name(s), scores(n) {}
    Student(const std::string & s, const ArrayDb & a) : name(s), scores(a) {}
    Student(const char* str, const double* pd, int n) : name(str), scores(pd, n) {}
    ~Student() {}
    double Average() const;
    const std::string & Name() const;
    double & operator[] (int i);
    double operator[] (int i) const;

    friend std::istream & operator >> (std::istream & is, Student & stu);
    friend std::istream & getline(std::istream & is, Student & stu);
    friend std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & os, const Student & stu);
};

#endif

student.cpp

#include "studentc.h"
using std::ostream;
using std::endl;
using std::istream;
using std::string;

double Student::Average() const
{
  if (scores.size() > 0)
    return scores.sum() / scores.size();
  else
    return 0;
}

const string & Student::Name() const
{
  return name;
}

double & Student::operator[](int i)
{
  return scores[i];
}

double Student::operator[](int i) const
{
  return scores[i];
}

ostream & Student::arr_out(ostream & os) const
{
  int i;
  int lim = scores.size();
  if (lim > 0)
  {
    for (i = 0; i < lim; i++)
    {
      os << scores[i] << " ";
      if (i % 5 == 4)
        os <<endl;
    }
    if (i % 5 != 0)
      os << endl;
  }
  else
    os << "empty array ";
  return os;
}

istream & operator >>(istream & is, Student & stu)
{
  is >> stu.name;
  return is;
}
istream & getline(istream & is, Student & stu)
{
  getline(is, stu.name);
  return is;
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const Student & stu)
{
  os << "Scores for " << stu.name << ":\n";
  stu.arr_out(os);
  return os;
}

use_stuc.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "studentc.h"
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;


void set(Student & sa, int n);
const int pupils = 3;
const int quizzes = 5;

int main()
{
  Student ada[pupils] =
    {Student(quizzes), Student(quizzes), Student(quizzes)};

  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < pupils; ++i)
    set(ada[i], quizzes);
  cout << "\nResults:";
  for ( i = 0; i < pupils; ++i)
  {
    cout << endl << ada[i];
    cout << "average: " << ada[i].Average() <<endl;
  }
  cout << "Done.\n";
  return 0;
}

void set(Student & sa, int n)
{
  cout << "Please enter the student's name: ";
  getline(cin, sa);
  cout << "Please enter " << n << "quiz scores:\n";
  for ( int i = 0; i <n; i++)
    cin >> sa[i];
  while (cin.get() != '\n')
    continue;
}

运行结果

私有继承：

私有继承与包含的区别：

如果需要调用基类的对象咋搞？

在私有继承中，在没有显式类型转换的情况下，不能将指向派生类的对象或引用赋给基类引用或指针

还有一种情况是 多重继承 编译器无法确定要转换成哪个基类 因为都有operator<<()

私有继承的程序示例：

studenti.h

#ifndef STUDENTC_H_
#define STUDENTC_H_

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <valarray>
class Student : private std::string, private std::valarray<double>
{
  private:
    typedef std::valarray<double> ArrayDb;
    std::ostream & arr_out(std::ostream & os) const;
  public:
    Student() : std::string("Null Student"), ArrayDb() {}
    explicit Student(const std::string & s) : std::string(s), ArrayDb() {}
    explicit Student(int n) : std::string("Nully"), ArrayDb(n) {}
    Student(const std::string & s, int n) : std::string(s), ArrayDb(n) {}
    Student(const std::string & s, const ArrayDb & a) : std::string(s), ArrayDb(a) {}
    Student(const char* str, const double* pd, int n) : std::string(str), ArrayDb(pd, n) {}
    ~Student() {}
    double Average() const;
    const std::string & Name() const;
    double & operator[] (int i);
    double operator[] (int i) const;

    friend std::istream & operator >> (std::istream & is, Student & stu);
    friend std::istream & getline(std::istream & is, Student & stu);
    friend std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & os, const Student & stu);
};

#endif

studenti.cpp

#include "studenti.h"
using std::ostream;
using std::endl;
using std::istream;
using std::string;

double Student::Average() const
{
  if (ArrayDb::size() > 0)
    return ArrayDb::sum() / ArrayDb::size();
  else
    return 0;
}

const string & Student::Name() const
{
  return (const string &) *this;
}

double & Student::operator[](int i)
{
  return ArrayDb::operator[](i);
}

double Student::operator[](int i) const
{
  return ArrayDb::operator[](i);
}

ostream & Student::arr_out(ostream & os) const
{
  int i;
  int lim = ArrayDb::size();
  if (lim > 0)
  {
    for (i = 0; i < lim; i++)
    {
      os << ArrayDb::operator[](i) << " ";
      if (i % 5 == 4)
        os <<endl;
    }
    if (i % 5 != 0)
      os << endl;
  }
  else
    os << "empty array ";
  return os;
}

istream & operator >>(istream & is, Student & stu)
{
  is >> (string &) stu;
  return is;
}
istream & getline(istream & is, Student & stu)
{
  getline(is, (string &) stu);
  return is;
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const Student & stu)
{
  os << "Scores for " << (string &) stu << ":\n";
  stu.arr_out(os);
  return os;
}

use_stui.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "studenti.h"
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;


void set(Student & sa, int n);
const int pupils = 3;
const int quizzes = 5;

int main()
{
  Student ada[pupils] =
    {Student(quizzes), Student(quizzes), Student(quizzes)};

  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < pupils; ++i)
    set(ada[i], quizzes);
  cout << "\nResults:";
  for ( i = 0; i < pupils; ++i)
  {
    cout << endl << ada[i];
    cout << "average: " << ada[i].Average() <<endl;
  }
  cout << "Done.\n";
  return 0;
}

void set(Student & sa, int n)
{
  cout << "Please enter the student's name: ";
  getline(cin, sa);
  cout << "Please enter " << n << "quiz scores:\n";
  for ( int i = 0; i <n; i++)
    cin >> sa[i];
  while (cin.get() != '\n')
    continue;
}

 

用包含还是用私有继承？

完结