前言:
MySQL视图所用数据库如下:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1aERjkQC8GkbLJM0wxs_cZQ
提取码:6666
一、视图的概念
一种虚拟存在的表,行和列的数据来自定义视图的查询中使用的表,并且是在使用视图时动态生成的,只保存了sql逻辑,不保存查询结果。和普通表一样使用。
应用场景:
-
多个地方用到同样的查询结果
-
该查询结果使用的sql语句较复杂
视图与表的区别
创建语法的关键字 | 是否实际占用物理空间 | 使用 | |
---|---|---|---|
视图 | create view | 只是保存了sql逻辑 | 增删改查,只是一般不能增删改 |
表 | create table | 保存了数据 | 增删改查 |
二、视图的有关操作
1.创建视图
语法:
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;
案例:
#1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = e.job_id;
#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';
2.视图的修改
方法一:
语法:
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;
案例:
SELECT * FROM myv3
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
方法二:
语法:
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句;
案例:
ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;
3.删除视图
语法:
drop view 视图名,视图名,...;
案例:
DROP VIEW emp_v1,emp_v2,myv3;
4.查看视图
DESC myv3;
SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;
5.视图的更新
#1.插入
INSERT INTO myv1 VALUES('张飞','zf@qq.com');
#2.修改
UPDATE myv1 SET last_name = '张无忌' WHERE last_name='张飞';
#3.删除
DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name = '张无忌';
具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
①包含以下关键字的sql语句:分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
#更新(报错)
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;
②常量视图
REATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;
#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';
③Select中包含子查询
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;
④join
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');
⑤from一个不能更新的视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;
⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';