思科EI CCIE交换网络中GLBP网关负载均衡协议实验详解-ielab

       GLBP 则不仅具有网络冗余功能，还可以提供负载平衡的功能。通过本实验，我们可以掌握如下技能： 

       （1） 理解 GLBP 的工作原理 

       （2） 掌握 GLBP 的配置 

⦁    实验基础配置
使用路由器模拟PC
Router(config)#hostname PC
PC(config)#interface F0/0
PC(config)#ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
PC(config)#no ip routing

R1(config)#interface F0/0 
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 
R1(config)#interface F0/1 
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#router rip 
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 

R2(config)#interface F0/0 
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 
R2(config)#interface F0/1 
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 
R2(config)#router rip 
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 

R3(config)#interface F0/0 
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 
R3(config)#interface F0/1 
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 
R3(config)#router rip 
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 

R4(config)#interface Loopback0 
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.0.0.0 
R4(config)#interface F0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.4 255.255.255.0 
R4(config)#router rip 
R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 
⦁    配置 GLBP 

R1(config)#interface F0/0 
R1(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 192.168.1.254 
//创建 GLBP 组，虚拟网关的 IP 为 192.168.1.254 
R1(config-if)#glbp 1 priority 200 
//配置优先级，优先级高的路由器成为 AVG，默认为 100 
R1(config-if)#glbp 1 preempt 
//配置 AVG 抢占，否则即使优先级再高，也不会成为 AVG 
R1(config-if)#glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string cisco
//以上是配置认证，防止非法设备接入 
 
R2(config)#interface F0/0 
R2(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 192.168.1.254 
R2(config-if)#glbp 1 priority 180 
R2(config-if)#glbp 1 preempt 
R2(config-if)#glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string cisco

R3(config)#interface F0/0 
R3(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 192.168.1.254 
R3(config-if)#glbp 1 priority 160 
R3(config-if)#glbp 1 preempt 
R3(config-if)#glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string cisco

⦁    查看GLBP配置信息
R1#show glbp 
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1
  State is Active
    1 state change, last state change 00:36:43
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254  
//虚拟网关地址
  Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 2.432 secs
  Redirect time 600 sec, forwarder timeout 14400 sec
  Authentication MD5, key-string
  Preemption enabled, min delay 0 sec
  Active is local  
//说明R1是活动AVG
  Standby is 192.168.1.2, priority 180 (expires in 7.872 sec)
//说明R2是备份AVG
  Priority 200 (configured)
  Weighting 100 (default 100), thresholds: lower 1, upper 100
  Load balancing: round-robin
  Group members:
    ca02.7dc2.0008 (192.168.1.1) local
    ca03.7dd1.0008 (192.168.1.2) authenticated
ca04.7de0.0008 (192.168.1.3) authenticated
//以上显示GLBP组成员
  There are 3 forwarders (1 active)
  Forwarder 1
    State is Listen
      2 state changes, last state change 00:36:03
MAC address is 0007.b400.0101 (learnt)
//虚拟网关的MAC地址
    Owner ID is ca03.7dd1.0008
    Redirection enabled, 597.888 sec remaining (maximum 600 sec)
    Time to live: 14397.888 sec (maximum 14400 sec)
    Preemption enabled, min delay 30 sec
    Active is 192.168.1.2 (primary), weighting 100 (expires in 8.832 sec)
    Client selection count: 1
  Forwarder 2
    State is Listen
      2 state changes, last state change 00:36:00
    MAC address is 0007.b400.0102 (learnt)
    Owner ID is ca04.7de0.0008
    Redirection enabled, 598.144 sec remaining (maximum 600 sec)
    Time to live: 14398.144 sec (maximum 14400 sec)
    Preemption enabled, min delay 30 sec
    Active is 192.168.1.3 (primary), weighting 100 (expires in 8.928 sec)
  Forwarder 3
    State is Active
      1 state change, last state change 00:36:33
    MAC address is 0007.b400.0103 (default)
    Owner ID is ca02.7dc2.0008
    Redirection enabled
    Preemption enabled, min delay 30 sec
    Active is local, weighting 100

⦁    检查GLBP的负载平衡

       在PC上ping 4.4.4.4，然后查看ARP
PC#show ip arp 
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  4.4.4.4                 0   0007.b400.0101  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  192.168.1.100           -   ca01.7db3.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0

清除ARP信息之后，重新ping，并查看ARP
PC#show ip arp 
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  4.4.4.4                 0   0007.b400.0103  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  192.168.1.100           -   ca01.7db3.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0

       由此说明GLBP响应ARP请求时，每次使用不同的MAC地址，从而实现负载平衡。