IF-ERRORLEVEL

IF-ERRORLEVEL

建立TEST4.BAT，内容如下：
@ECHO OFF
XCOPY C:/AUTOEXEC.BAT D:/
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO 文件拷贝失败
IF ERRORLEVEL 0 ECHO 成功拷贝文件
然后执行文件:
C:/>TEST4
如果文件拷贝成功，屏幕就会显示“成功拷贝文件”，否则就会显示“文件拷贝失败”。
IF ERRORLEVEL 是用来测试它的上一个DOS命令的返回值的，注意只是上一个命令的返回值，而且返回值必须依照从大到小次序顺序判断。
因此下面的批处理文件是错误的：
@ECHO OFF
XCOPY C:/AUTOEXEC.BAT D:/
IF ERRORLEVEL 0 ECHO 成功拷贝文件
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO 未找到拷贝文件
IF ERRORLEVEL 2 ECHO 用户通过ctrl-c中止拷贝操作
IF ERRORLEVEL 3 ECHO 预置错误阻止文件拷贝操作
IF ERRORLEVEL 4 ECHO 拷贝过程中写盘错误
无论拷贝是否成功，后面的：
未找到拷贝文件
用户通过ctrl-c中止拷贝操作
预置错误阻止文件拷贝操作
拷贝过程中写盘错误
都将显示出来。
以下就是几个常用命令的返回值及其代表的意义：
backup
0 备份成功
1 未找到备份文件
2 文件共享冲突阻止备份完成
3 用户用ctrl-c中止备份
4 由于致命的错误使备份操作中止
diskcomp
0 盘比较相同
1 盘比较不同
2 用户通过ctrl-c中止比较操作
3 由于致命的错误使比较操作中止
4 预置错误中止比较
diskcopy
0 盘拷贝操作成功
1 非致命盘读/写错
2 用户通过ctrl-c结束拷贝操作
3 因致命的处理错误使盘拷贝中止
4 预置错误阻止拷贝操作
format
0 格式化成功
3 用户通过ctrl-c中止格式化处理
4 因致命的处理错误使格式化中止
5 在提示“proceed with format（y/n）?”下用户键入n结束
xcopy
0 成功拷贝文件
1 未找到拷贝文件
2 用户通过ctrl-c中止拷贝操作
4 预置错误阻止文件拷贝操作
5 拷贝过程中写盘错误
详细出处参考：http://www.jb51.net/article/7525.htm

 

 

ERRORLEVEL is not %ERRORLEVEL%
The command interpreter cmd.exe has a concept known as the error level, which is the exit code of the program most recently run. You can test the error level with the IF ERRORLEVEL command:

IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO error level is 1 or more
<sidebar>
The IF ERRORLEVEL n test succeeds if the error level is n or more. This was presumably because there were programs that expressed different degrees of failure with higher and higher exit codes. For example, the diff program has three exit codes: 0 means the files are the same; 1 means the files are different; 2 means that something terrible happened. There are also programs that use an exit code of zero to mean success and anything else to mean failure.
</sidebar>

In addition to this internal state, you can, if you wish, create an environment variable with the name ERRORLEVEL, in the same way that you can create an environment variable called FRED. But, as with FRED, that variable won't have any effect on the error level.

rem this next command sets the error level to zero
CMD /C EXIT 0
set ERRORLEVEL=1
if ERRORLEVEL 1 echo Does this print?
The message is not printed because the ERRORLEVEL environment variable has no effect on the error level. It's just a variable whose name happens to coincide with a command processor concept.

set BANKBALANCE=$1,000,000.00
"Hey, when I tried to withdraw the money, I got an insufficient funds error. What am I doing wrong?"

Now, it does happen to be the case that if command extensions are enabled and you say %ERRORLEVEL%, then the command processor first looks for an environment variable called ERRORLEVEL, and if it can't find one, then it replaces %ERRORLEVEL% with the current value of the internal error level value. It's a fallback step, in the same way that your neighbor is a fallback delivery location if you aren't home. If you file a change-of-address form for yourself, that doesn't affect packages sent to your neighbor.

The same behavior can be seen with %CD%: If you did not explicitly set an environment variable called CD, then %CD% expands to the command processor's current directory. But you can't change directories by saying set CD=C:/Windows.

I can think of a few reasons why this feature may have been added.

So you can include the error level in a log file:
ECHO error level is %ERRORLEVEL%>logfile
So you can perform other types of tests against the error level, for example, to perform an equality test:
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 1 echo Different!
But I'm digressing. My point for today is that the error level is not the same as the ERRORLEVEL environment variable.

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/lijin912/archive/2009/11/27/4885864.aspx