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The Internet of Things 英文原版书，适合入门物联网。目录： 1 Demystifying the IoT Paradigm....................................................................................1 Why the IoT Is Strategically Sound.................................................................................... 2 IoT Leads to Smarter Computing.................................................................................. 2 IoT Delivers Smarter Environments .............................................................................. 3 IoT Prescribes the Shift toward People IT...................................................................... 4 Te Brewing and Blossoming Trends in IT Space ............................................................... 4 Te Key Drivers for the IoT Discipline.......................................................................... 4 Everything Gets Service-Enabled ................................................................................... 5 Big Data Becomes Big Insights ...................................................................................... 5 Envisioning Software-Defned Clouds ........................................................................... 6 Te Diversity of IoT Data Sources................................................................................. 6 Te Technology Space.................................................................................................... 7 Te Process Space .......................................................................................................... 7 Infrastructure Space....................................................................................................... 7 Architecture Space ......................................................................................................... 7 Envisioning the Internet of Tings Era............................................................................... 8 Deeper Digitization toward Smart Objects or Sentient Materials................................... 8 Te Connected Devices ................................................................................................. 9 Adaptive Applications.................................................................................................. 10 Illustrating the Device-to-Device/Machine-to-Machine Integration Concept................... 10 Te Popular M2M Applications .................................................................................. 11 Smart Energy............................................................................................................... 11 Smart Health Care....................................................................................................... 11 Smart Home Security .................................................................................................. 11 Smart Cargo Handling ................................................................................................ 12 Smart Trafc Management........................................................................................... 12 Smart Inventory and Replenishment Management ...................................................... 12 Smart Cash Payment ................................................................................................... 12 Smart Tracking ............................................................................................................ 12 Smart Displays............................................................................................................. 12 www.allitebooks.comvi ◾ Contents Smarter Manufacturing ............................................................................................... 13 Smart Asset Management ............................................................................................ 13 Smarter Retailing......................................................................................................... 14 Explaining the Aspect of Device-to-Cloud (D2C) Integration.......................................... 14 Clouds Infrastructures for Next-Generation Device Applications................................. 15 Cloud Infrastructures for IoT Data Analytics............................................................... 15 Cloud Infrastructures for Smartphone Services ............................................................ 16 Te Emergence of the IoT Platform as a Service (PaaS).................................................... 16 Device Management.................................................................................................... 16 Te Real-Time Analytics of IoT Big Data.................................................................... 16 Integration with Enterprise Systems............................................................................. 17 Digging into the Cloud-to-Cloud (C2C) Integration Paradigm ....................................... 17 An IoT Application Scenario ....................................................................................... 18 Describing the Sensor-to-Cloud Integration Concept ...................................................... 19 Storage ........................................................................................................................ 20 Azure IoT Hub Device Management ............................................................................... 20 Homeland Security and the Sensor Cloud ................................................................... 22 Te Prominent IoT Realization Technologies ................................................................... 23 Te IoT: Te Key Application Domains........................................................................... 24 Te IoT Challenges and the Research Domains........................................................... 26 Te Research Domains ................................................................................................ 27 Te Emerging IoT Flavors................................................................................................ 27 Te Industrial Internet of Tings (IIoT) ...................................................................... 28 Consumer Internet of Tings (CIoT) .......................................................................... 31 Social Internet of Tings (SIoT) .................................................................................. 32 Semantic Internet of Tings (SIoT) ............................................................................. 33 Why Semantics for the Interoperable IoT.................................................................... 35 Cognitive Internet of Tings (CIoT) ........................................................................... 36 Envisioning Cognitive IoT .......................................................................................... 36 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 37 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 38 2 Realization of IoT Ecosystem Using Wireless Technologies.........................................39 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 40 Architecture for IoT Using Mobile Devices...................................................................... 41 Mobile Technologies for Supporting IoT Ecosystem......................................................... 43 5G Technology ............................................................................................................ 43 Software-Defned Networking ..................................................................................... 43 Network Functions Virtualization ............................................................................... 44 5G Architecture........................................................................................................... 46 Ultra Wide Band Technology ...................................................................................... 46 How UWB Works .................................................................................................. 47 ISO 18000 7 DASH7.................................................................................................. 47 Near Field Communication Technology ...................................................................... 48 Energy Harvesting for Power Conservation in the IoT System ......................................... 49 Architecture of an Energy Harvesting Terminal for a Wireless Sensor Network ......... 50 Mobile Application Development Platforms .................................................................... 51 www.allitebooks.comContents ◾ vii Mobile Use Cases for IoT................................................................................................. 53 Low Power Wide Area Networking Technologies .............................................................53 LPWAN Network Topologies ...................................................................................... 55 Direct Device Connectivity Topology of LPWAN................................................... 55 Indirect Device Connectivity through a LPWAN Gateway ..................................... 56 Sigfox .......................................................................................................................... 56 Binary Phase Shift Keying....................................................................................... 57 Weightless ................................................................................................................... 57 Weightless-P ........................................................................................................... 57 Weightless-N .......................................................................................................... 57 Weightless-W .......................................................................................................... 58 NWave ........................................................................................................................ 58 Ingenu......................................................................................................................... 58 Random Phase Multiple Access............................................................................... 58 LoRa ........................................................................................................................... 59 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 59 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 60 3 Infrastructure and Service Discovery Protocols for the IoT Ecosystem .......................61 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 62 Layered Architecture for IoT............................................................................................ 62 Objects Layer .............................................................................................................. 63 Object Abstraction Layer............................................................................................. 63 Service Management Layer .......................................................................................... 63 Application Layer ........................................................................................................ 63 Business Layer ............................................................................................................. 64 Protocol Architecture of IoT ............................................................................................ 64 Infrastructure Protocols.................................................................................................... 64 Routing Protocol ......................................................................................................... 64 IEEE 802.15.4 ............................................................................................................ 66 IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks ............................................... 68 Network Architecture of 6LoWPAN....................................................................... 68 Protocol Stack of 6LoWPAN .................................................................................. 70 Bluetooth Low Energy................................................................................................. 71 Generic Attribute Profle......................................................................................... 72 Attribute Protocol ................................................................................................... 72 Security Manager Protocol ...................................................................................... 72 EPCglobal ................................................................................................................... 73 Long Term Evolution-Advanced .................................................................................. 73 Z-Wave........................................................................................................................ 75 Components of Z-Wave Network ........................................................................... 75 ZigBee......................................................................................................................... 76 Device or Service Discovery for IoT ................................................................................. 77 Bluetooth Beacons....................................................................................................... 77 Wi-Fi Aware ................................................................................................................ 77 Physical Web ............................................................................................................... 78 Open Hybrid............................................................................................................... 78 www.allitebooks.comviii ◾ Contents Shazam........................................................................................................................ 78 Chirp........................................................................................................................... 78 How Chirp Works .................................................................................................. 79 Protocols for IoT Service Discovery.................................................................................. 79 multicast Domain Name System (mDNS)................................................................... 79 DNS Service Discovery ............................................................................................... 80 Universal Plug and Play ............................................................................................... 81 Prominent IoT Service Discovery Products Available in the Market ................................. 82 Bonjour....................................................................................................................... 82 Consul......................................................................................................................... 83 Basic Architecture of Consul ................................................................................... 83 AllJoyn ........................................................................................................................ 83 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 84 References ........................................................................................................................ 84 4 Te Integration Technologies and Tools for IoT Environments ................................85 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 86 IoT Communication Protocol Requirements............................................................... 87 Te IoT Portion for Smarter Enterprises and Environments............................................. 88 Te Growing Importance of the IoT Paradigm............................................................ 88 Te Meteoric Rise of Device Ecosystem....................................................................... 88 Te Dazzling Growth of Operational and Transactional Systems ................................. 89 Deeper and Decisive Data Analytics ............................................................................ 89 Te Emergence of Pioneering Analytics (Generic as well as Specifc) ........................... 90 State-of-the-Art Data Science Tools ............................................................................. 90 Sensor and Actuator Networks ......................................................................................... 91 Sensor-to-Cloud Integration........................................................................................ 93 Te IoT Device Integration Concepts, Standards, and Implementations .......................... 95 Machine-to-Machine Communication ........................................................................ 95 Service Oriented Device Architecture for Device Integration....................................... 96 An Illuminating Use Case............................................................................................ 97 Device Profle for Web Services.................................................................................... 97 About the DPWSim Development Toolkit ............................................................. 99 Te Reference Architecture for Smarter Hospitals ................................................. 100 Messaging Methods: Pub or Sub and Point-to-Point ............................................. 100 Node.DPWS: Efcient Web Services for the IoT .................................................. 101 Te Open Service Gateway Initiative Standard .......................................................... 102 Scalability ............................................................................................................. 103 Robustness............................................................................................................ 103 Remote OSGi ....................................................................................................... 104 Eclipse Kura.......................................................................................................... 104 openHAB ............................................................................................................. 105 Te REST Paradigm.................................................................................................. 106 Te Device Connectivity via the OPC Standard ........................................................ 106 Te Device Integration Protocols and Middleware ......................................................... 107 Message Queue Telemetry Transport.......................................................................... 108 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol .............................................................. 110 www.allitebooks.comContents ◾ ix ejabberd..................................................................................................................... 110 Data Distribution Bus ............................................................................................... 111 Advanced Message Queuing Protocol ........................................................................ 112 Constrained Application Protocol.............................................................................. 114 Te Protocol Landscape for IoT ..................................................................................... 116 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 117 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 117 5 Te Enablement Platforms for IoT Applications and Analytics.................................119 Describing the IoT Journey............................................................................................ 120 Te IoT Building Blocks ................................................................................................ 121 Digitized Entities and Connected Devices ................................................................. 121 IoT or Sensor Data Gateway...................................................................................... 121 Application Enablement Platforms ............................................................................ 122 Data Analytics Platforms ........................................................................................... 122 Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination.................................................................. 122 Storage, Backup, and Archival ................................................................................... 122 Cognitive Clouds....................................................................................................... 123 Te Major Players in the IoT Space ........................................................................... 123 A Few Enthralling IoT Use Cases................................................................................... 124 IoT Application Enablement Platforms.......................................................................... 125 Characterizing IoT or Machine-to-Machine Application Platforms................................ 125 IoT AEPs—Te Architectural Building-Blocks............................................................... 128 IoT and M2M Sensor Data Platform by AerCloud.................................................... 129 TingWorx IoT AEP ................................................................................................. 130 ORBCOMM IoT Platform....................................................................................... 131 Azure IoT Hub .............................................................................................................. 132 Amazon Web Service IoT Platform ................................................................................ 132 Te Axeda IoT Platform................................................................................................. 133 Te IoT Data Analytics Platforms .................................................................................. 134 IBM Watson IoT Platform ........................................................................................ 135 ParStream IoT Analytics Platform.............................................................................. 136 Vitria IoT Analytics Platform .................................................................................... 137 Pentaho IoT Analytics Platform................................................................................. 137 Splunk Software for IoT Data.................................................................................... 138 Guavus IoT Analytics Platform ...................................................................................... 139 Virdata IoT Analytics Platform.................................................................................. 140 Te IoT Data Virtualization Platforms........................................................................... 141 Te Key Capabilities Data Virtualization Delivers.......................................................... 142 IoT Data Visualization Platform .................................................................................... 142 Car Counter .............................................................................................................. 144 Te IoT Edge Data Analytics ......................................................................................... 144 Key Features and Highlights for Developers .............................................................. 145 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 146 Te IoT Analytics Platforms—Te Links ....................................................................... 146 www.allitebooks.comx ◾ Contents 6 Te Next-Generation Clouds for IoT Applications and Analytics .............................149 Introduction................................................................................................................... 150 Reflecting the Cloud Journey ......................................................................................... 151 About Technology Choice ......................................................................................... 151 Software-Defned Clouds for IoT .............................................................................. 151 Te Enigma of Commoditization .............................................................................. 152 About the Cloud Technology ......................................................................................... 153 Te Cloud Service Ecosystem......................................................................................... 154 Te Key Motivations for Cloud-Enabled Environments................................................. 155 A Look at Cloud-Inspired Enterprise Transformations ................................................... 156 Te Emergence of Cloud Environments .................................................................... 156 Energy Optimization................................................................................................. 157 IoT and Cloud-Inspired Smarter Environments ............................................................. 158 Smarter Environments............................................................................................... 158 Smarter Homes.......................................................................................................... 159 Smarter Grids ............................................................................................................ 161 IoT and Cloud for Smarter Cities.............................................................................. 161 Sensor-Cloud Integration for Smarter Cities.............................................................. 162 Social and Sensor Data Fusion in Cloud.................................................................... 162 Smarter Health Care.................................................................................................. 163 Cloud-Inspired Smarter Health Care Services............................................................ 164 Te Era of Hybrid Clouds.............................................................................................. 165 Envisioning Federated Clouds........................................................................................ 165 Cloud Federation Approaches.................................................................................... 166 Special-Purpose Clouds.................................................................................................. 167 Device Clouds ........................................................................................................... 168 Te Emergence of Edge/Fog Clouds............................................................................... 170 Te Compelling Use Cases for Next-Gen Edge Clouds.............................................. 171 Use Cases—Te Computation and Actionable Insights ............................................. 171 Te Storage Use Cases ............................................................................................... 172 Data Dissemination................................................................................................... 173 Mobile-Edge Computing (MEC) .............................................................................. 173 Edge Analytics-Enabled Smarter Trafc Systems ........................................................ 174 Te Architectural Components of the Smarter Trafc System......................................... 174 Tending toward Software-Defned Clouds...................................................................... 175 Te Building Blocks of Software-Defned Clouds........................................................... 177 Software-Defned Networking (SDN) ....................................................................... 177 Te Key Motivations for SDN................................................................................... 178 Te Need of SDN for the Cloud ............................................................................... 179 Software-Defned Storage (SDS) .................................................................................... 180 Cloud-Based Big Data Storage................................................................................... 181 Te Key Characteristics of Software-Defned Storage................................................. 182 Te Onset of Cognitive Clouds...................................................................................... 182 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 183 References ...................................................................................................................... 183Contents ◾ xi 7 Describing the Emerging Field of IoT Data Analytics...............................................185 Introduction................................................................................................................... 186 Te Principal Steps toward Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination ............................ 187 Te Rewarding Repercussions of the Data Explosion ..................................................... 188 Describing Big Data Analytics........................................................................................ 188 Te Strategic Importance of Big Data Analytics ............................................................. 189 Big Data Analytics: Te Prominent Use Cases................................................................ 191 Customer Satisfaction Analysis .................................................................................. 191 Market Sentiment Analysis ........................................................................................ 191 Epidemic Analysis...................................................................................................... 192 Using Big Data Analytics in Health Care................................................................... 192 Machine Data Analytics by Splunk............................................................................ 193 Real-Time and Streaming Analytics................................................................................ 196 Expounding the IoT Data Analytics Domain................................................................. 199 Te Key Drivers for IoT Data Analytics ......................................................................... 199 Te Key Movements and Motivations of IoT Data......................................................... 200 Te Emergence of Edge Clouds for Real-Time Insights.................................................. 201 Deep Diving and Digging into Edge Analytics............................................................... 202 Te Renowned Edge Analytics Use Cases....................................................................... 203 Smart Water System................................................................................................... 203 Smarter Grid ............................................................................................................. 203 Smarter Homes and Buildings ................................................................................... 203 Smarter Retailing....................................................................................................... 204 Self-Maintaining Trains ............................................................................................. 204 Smarter Mines ........................................................................................................... 204 Device Integration..................................................................................................... 204 Smarter Trafc Systems.............................................................................................. 204 Te Architectural Components of the Smarter Trafc System......................................... 205 Te Key Capabilities of Next-Generation IoT Data Analytics Platforms......................... 207 Te Key Capabilities.................................................................................................. 208 Te Prime Modules of IoT Data Analytics Platforms ..................................................... 209 Te Reference Architecture for IoT Data Analytics Platform.......................................... 209 Te Renowned Use Cases for IoT Data Analytics........................................................... 211 Connected Cars......................................................................................................... 211 Te Data Analytics Locations .................................................................................... 212 Why Have Cloud-Based IoT Data Analytics?................................................................. 213 Te Distinct Capabilities of IoT Data Analytics Platforms ............................................. 214 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 216 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 216 8 Expounding the Edge/Fog Computing Paradigm......................................................217 Introduction................................................................................................................... 218 Te Introduction of Fog/Edge Computing..................................................................... 219 Fog versus Edge Computing...................................................................................... 220 Illustrating the Game-Changing IoT Journey................................................................. 221 It Is All About the Extreme and Deeper Connectivity................................................ 221xii ◾ Contents Te Humongous Volumes of IoT Data...................................................................... 223 Major IoT Data Types ............................................................................................... 224 Measurement Data .................................................................................................... 224 Event Data ................................................................................................................ 224 Interaction and Transaction Data............................................................................... 224 Diagnostics Data ....................................................................................................... 224 Describing the Fog Computing-Like Concepts .............................................................. 225 Local/Proximate Clouds ............................................................................................ 225 Cloudlet Facilities...................................................................................................... 225 Why Cloudlet-Like Arrangement Is Mandated?......................................................... 226 Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)............................................................................... 226 Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) ............................................................................ 227 Te Use Cases of Fog/Edge Computing ......................................................................... 227 Smart Homes ............................................................................................................ 228 Smart Grids............................................................................................................... 228 Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks..................................................................... 228 Smart Vehicles ........................................................................................................... 229 Smarter Security ........................................................................................................ 229 Smart Buildings......................................................................................................... 229 IoT and Cyber-Physical Systems................................................................................ 230 Software-Defned Networking ................................................................................... 230 Why Is Fog Computing Crucial for the Envisaged IoT Success?..................................... 230 Weeding Out Irrelevant Data at the Source ............................................................... 231 Real-Time IoT Data Analytics ................................................................................... 231 Instantaneous Response............................................................................................. 231 Resource-Constrained Sensors Behind Fog Devices ................................................... 231 IoT Data Security...................................................................................................... 231 Te Formation of Edge Clouds.................................................................................. 232 Building Composite Applications .............................................................................. 232 Policy-Based Fog Devices........................................................................................... 232 Delving into Fog/Edge Analytics.................................................................................... 233 Te Greatness of Edge Data....................................................................................... 233 Edge Analytics: Te Prominent Use Cases...................................................................... 234 IoT Sensor Data Monitoring and Analysis................................................................. 234 Remote Monitoring and Analysis of Oil and Gas Operations .................................... 234 Smarter Cities............................................................................................................ 235 Smart Retailers .......................................................................................................... 235 Smart Automobiles.................................................................................................... 235 Smart Manufacturing ................................................................................................ 236 Facilities and Asset Management ............................................................................... 237 Carving Out Edge Clouds for Edge Analytics ................................................................ 237 Deep Diving and Digging into the Aspect of Edge Analytics.......................................... 238 Introducing Integrated Fog Computing Platforms ......................................................... 239 Te OSGi Standard for Building Device Management Frameworks........................... 240 Te Eclipse Kura—An IoT Device Management and Analytics Platform ....................... 241 Everyware Software Framework...................................................................................... 242 Apache Quarks .......................................................................................................... 243Contents ◾ xiii Predixion Software..................................................................................................... 243 Te Solair Smart Gateway.......................................................................................... 244 Te Solair Platform—IoT Devices: Te Integration Options.......................................... 245 Direct Collection....................................................................................................... 245 Mobile Bridge............................................................................................................ 245 Smart Gateway .......................................................................................................... 245 Altiux Innovations.......................................................................................................... 246 ParStream Edge Analytics Appliance .............................................................................. 246 Dell Edge Gateway 5000 Series...................................................................................... 246 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 247 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 247 9 Envisioning Futuristic Smart Airports Using IoT Integration...................................249 Introduction................................................................................................................... 250 Airport Infrastructure..................................................................................................... 251 Airport 1.0 ................................................................................................................ 252 Airport 2.0 ................................................................................................................ 253 Personal Technology/Processes for Passengers ................................................................. 253 Mobile Applications for Air Travel Passengers ............................................................ 253 Technology/Processes to Streamline Passenger Journey................................................... 254 Interactive Displays and Bill Boards in Airports......................................................... 254 Technology/Processes to Enhance Passenger Experience ................................................. 254 Interactive Surfaces.................................................................................................... 254 Processes for Increased Leisure Experience...................................................................... 255 Finnish Sauna at Helsinki Airport ............................................................................. 255 Free Sightseeing Tour at Changi Airport, Singapore................................................... 255 Free Cooking Classes at Paris Orly Airport ................................................................ 256 Traditional Culture Workshops at Incheon International Airport, South Korea ......... 256 Airport 3.0............................................................................................................ 256 Mobile Devices in Airports............................................................................................. 257 Social Media Applications in Airports ............................................................................ 259 Source: Amadeus Survey ................................................................................................ 260 Mobile Applications for Airports.................................................................................... 261 Mobile Technologies ...................................................................................................... 262 Quick Response Codes in Airports for Mobile Check-In ........................................... 262 Near Field Communication ........................................................................................... 263 Telepresence................................................................................................................... 264 Wireless Broadband........................................................................................................ 264 RFID/Sensors ................................................................................................................ 264 Biometric Passports ................................................................................................... 264 Other Biometric Applications in Airports....................................................................... 265 RFID-Based Tracking of Baggage in Airports ................................................................. 265 Beacons for Airports....................................................................................................... 266 Applications of Beacons for Airports .............................................................................. 267 Tracking Passenger Location ...................................................................................... 267 Triggering Mobile Boarding Passes............................................................................. 267 Navigating the Airport............................................................................................... 267xiv ◾ Contents Promotions at Retail Outlets in Airports.................................................................... 267 Baggage Reclaim........................................................................................................ 267 Wearable Technology ..................................................................................................... 268 Benefts of Wearable Devices ..................................................................................... 269 Use Cases of Wearables for Airports........................................................................... 269 Passenger Baggage Tracking ....................................................................................... 270 Operational Efciencies of Airports .......................................................................... 270 Other Supporting Technologies for Smart Airports ........................................................ 270 Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................... 270 Big Data and Predictive Analytics................................................................................... 271 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 271 References ...................................................................................................................... 272 10 Envisioning Smart Health Care Systems in a Connected World ................................273 Introduction................................................................................................................... 274 Clinical Care.................................................................................................................. 275 Remote Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 275 Other Interesting Use Cases of IoT ................................................................................ 276 Enabling Technologies which Make IoT in Health Care Possible ................................... 279 Challenges in the IoT Health Care Sector ...................................................................... 279 Future Trends for IoT in Health Care............................................................................. 280 Ingestible Sensor........................................................................................................ 280 Digital Medicine........................................................................................................ 281 Mobile Apps in Health Care Sector................................................................................ 282 Cloud and Big Data Analytics in the Health Care Sector................................................ 282 Cloud Services in Health Care Sector............................................................................. 283 Electronic Storage of Medical Records ....................................................................... 283 Ofce Productivity Solutions..................................................................................... 284 Health Information Exchange.................................................................................... 284 Collaboration Solution for Physicians........................................................................ 285 Clinical Information System...................................................................................... 285 Big Data Analytics in the Health Care Sector ............................................................ 285 Support Research in Genomics and Other Health Care Projects................................ 286 Transform Data from Information............................................................................. 288 Use of Explanatory Analytics by Predixion Software .................................................. 288 Use of Big Data by Health Fidelity ............................................................................ 288 Supporting Self Care.................................................................................................. 289 Supporting Self Care with Ginger.io .......................................................................... 289 Support for Providers................................................................................................. 289 Increase Awareness..................................................................................................... 291 Sproxil Uses Big Data to Identify Counterfeit Drugs ................................................. 291 Sickweather LLC Uses Social Media to Track Disease Outbreaks ............................... 291 Pool Data to Build a Better Ecosystem....................................................................... 291 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 292 References ...................................................................................................................... 292Contents ◾ xv 11 Smart Use Cases of IoT .............................................................................................293 Introduction................................................................................................................... 294 Governance Use Cases.................................................................................................... 294 Ubiquitous Connectivity................................................................................................ 295 Omnipresent Devices..................................................................................................... 296 Collaboration Platforms................................................................................................. 296 Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................... 296 Open Standards and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) ............................................ 296 Geospatial Platforms ...................................................................................................... 297 Neogeography in Smart Cities........................................................................................ 297 Internet of Tings (IoT)................................................................................................. 297 Advanced Analytics ........................................................................................................ 298 Open Access to Public Data ........................................................................................... 298 Digitally Controlled Devices .......................................................................................... 299 Social Media Networking............................................................................................... 299 Strategic Governance Framework for the Implementation of Smart Cities...................... 299 City Objectives .............................................................................................................. 300 City Indicators ............................................................................................................... 300 City Components .......................................................................................................... 300 City Content.................................................................................................................. 301 Smart Industrial Use Cases of IoT.................................................................................. 301 Smart Lighting for Energy Conservation........................................................................ 304 Smart Lighting Approaches ....................................................................................... 304 Wireless Lighting Control Systems ............................................................................ 306 Smart Transportation Systems ........................................................................................ 308 Electric Vehicles (EVs)............................................................................................... 309 Smarter Vehicles ........................................................................................................ 309 Te Technological Implications on Vehicles ............................................................... 310 Insights-Driven Connected Vehicles .......................................................................... 310 Vehicle-to-Vehicle Connectivity................................................................................. 311 Vehicle-to-Cloud Connectivity .................................................................................. 311 Vehicle Connectivity Platforms, Tools, and Applications ........................................... 312 Use Cases of Technology-Inspired Vehicles ................................................................ 313 An Assortment of Vehicle-Centric Applications ......................................................... 313 Knowledge Services ................................................................................................... 313 Big Data Analytics for Smarter Transports ................................................................. 314 Te Approaches for Smarter Transportation............................................................... 315 Predict Demand and Optimizing Capacity, Assets, and Infrastructure ....................... 315 Improve the End-to-End Experience for Travelers...................................................... 316 Increase Operational Efciency While Reducing Environmental Impact ................... 316 Ensure Safety and Security......................................................................................... 316 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) ........................................................................... 317 Connected Cars ............................................................................................................. 317 Consumer Use Cases of IoT........................................................................................... 318xvi ◾ Contents Smart Homes/Buildings ................................................................................................. 319 Te Key Drivers for Smarter Homes and Buildings.................................................... 319 Te Prominent Use Cases of Smarter Homes and Buildings ...................................... 319 Smarter Homes and Building Elements ..................................................................... 320 Smarter Home/Buildings Capabilities........................................................................ 322 Role of Building Automation Systems in Smarter Homes and Buildings ........................ 323 Smarter Homes—Middleware Platforms........................................................................ 324 Smarter Home Frameworks............................................................................................ 326 Smart Education Systems Using Wearable Devices......................................................... 327 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 328 Reference ....................................................................................................................... 328 12 Security Management of an IoT Ecosystem...............................................................329 Introduction................................................................................................................... 329 Security Requirements of an IoT Infrastructure.............................................................. 330 Confdentiality, Integrity, and Availability Triad......................................................... 330 Confdentiality...................................................................................................... 330 Integrity................................................................................................................ 331 Availability............................................................................................................ 331 Authentication, Authorization, and Audit Trial (AAA) Framework................................. 331 Authentication........................................................................................................... 331 Authorization ............................................................................................................ 332 Audit Trial ................................................................................................................. 332 Defense-in-Depth .......................................................................................................... 332 Trusted Computing Base (TCB)................................................................................ 332 Encryption ................................................................................................................ 333 Security Concerns of Cloud Platforms ........................................................................... 333 Virtual Machine Segmentation....................................................................................... 334 Database Segmentation .................................................................................................. 335 VM Introspection .......................................................................................................... 335 Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)............................................................................ 335 Imperva SecureSphere Web Application Firewall to Prevent DDoS Attacks ............... 336 Virtual Machine/Hypervisor-Based Security Treats ...................................................... 337 Unauthorized Alteration of Virtual Machine Image Files ........................................... 337 VM Teft .................................................................................................................. 338 Inter-VM Attacks ...................................................................................................... 338 Instant-On Gaps........................................................................................................ 339 Hyperjacking............................................................................................................. 339 Security Treats of Big Data........................................................................................... 340 Distributed Programming Frameworks...................................................................... 341 Use of NoSQL Databases .......................................................................................... 341 Storage Tiering .......................................................................................................... 341 Data Source Validation.............................................................................................. 341 Privacy Concerns....................................................................................................... 342 Requirements of Security Management Framework for Big Data ................................... 342 Agile Scale-Out Infrastructure ................................................................................... 343 Security Analytics ...................................................................................................... 343Contents ◾ xvii Treat Monitoring and Intelligence ........................................................................... 344 Security Treats in Smartphones................................................................................ 344 Security Solutions for Mobile Devices............................................................................ 345 Security Concerns in IoT Components .......................................................................... 346 Security Measures for IoT Platforms/Devices ................................................................. 347 Secure Booting .......................................................................................................... 347 Mandatory Access Control Mechanisms .................................................................... 347 Device Authentication for Networks.......................................................................... 347 Device-Specifc Firewalls............................................................................................ 347 Controlled Mechanism to Ensure Application of Security Patches and Upgrades......... 347 Security Treats in Different Use Cases of IoT ............................................................... 348 Security Treats in Smart Transportation Systems...................................................... 348 Security Treats in Smart Grids and Other IoT-Based Infrastructure Components..........349 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 350 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 350

Learning Internet of Things 英文原版书，物联网入门介绍书。目录： Chapter 1: Preparing our IoT Projects 11 Creating the sensor project 12 Preparing Raspberry Pi 13 Clayster libraries 14 Hardware 15 Interacting with our hardware 16 Interfacing the hardware 17 Internal representation of sensor values 18 Persisting data 18 External representation of sensor values 19 Exporting sensor data 19 Creating the actuator project 22 Hardware 22 Interfacing the hardware 23 Creating a controller 24 Representing sensor values 25 Parsing sensor data 25 Calculating control states 26 Creating a camera 27 Hardware 27 Accessing the serial port on Raspberry Pi 29 Interfacing the hardware 29 Creating persistent default settings 30 Adding conigurable properties 30 Persisting the settings 31 Working with the current settings 32 www.allitebooks.comTable of Contents [ ii ] Initializing the camera 32 Summary 33 Chapter 2: The HTTP Protocol 35 HTTP basics 36 Adding HTTP support to the sensor 38 Setting up an HTTP server on the sensor 39 Setting up an HTTPS server on the sensor 41 Adding a root menu 42 Displaying measured information in an HTML page 44 Generating graphics dynamically 46 Creating sensor data resources 51 Interpreting the readout request 52 Testing our data export 53 User authentication 53 Adding events for enhanced network performance 54 Adding HTTP support to the actuator 54 Creating the web services resource 55 Accessing individual outputs 56 Collective access to outputs 57 Accessing the alarm output 57 Using the test form 58 Accessing WSDL 59 Using the REST web service interface 59 Adding HTTP support to the controller 60 Subscribing to events 60 Creating the control thread 62 Controlling the actuator 63 Summary 64 Chapter 3: The UPnP Protocol 65 Introducing UPnP 65 Providing a service architecture 66 Documenting device and service capabilities 66 Creating a device description document 67 Choosing a device type 68 Being friendly 69 Providing the device with an identity 69 Adding icons 69 Adding references to services 70 Topping off with a URL to a web presentation page 71Table of Contents [ iii ] Creating the service description document 71 Adding actions 72 Adding state variables 72 Adding a unique device name 73 Providing a web interface 73 Creating a UPnP interface 74 Registering UPnP resources 75 Replacing placeholders 76 Adding support for SSDP 77 Notifying the network 78 Responding to searches 79 Implementing the Still Image service 81 Initializing evented state variables 81 Providing web service properties 82 Adding service properties 83 Adding actions 83 Using our camera 84 Setting up UPnP 84 Discovering devices and services 85 Subscribing to events 86 Receiving events 86 Executing actions 87 Summary 88 Chapter 4: The CoAP Protocol 89 Making HTTP binary 90 Finding development tools 91 Adding CoAP to our sensor 91 Deining our irst CoAP resources 92 Manually triggering an event notiication 93 Registering data readout resources 94 Returning XML 95 Returning JSON 96 Returning plain text 96 Discovering CoAP resources 97 Testing our CoAP resources 98 Adding CoAP to our actuator 98 Deining simple control resources 99 Parsing the URL in CoAP 100 Controlling the output using CoAP 101Table of Contents [ iv ] Using CoAP in our controller 102 Monitoring observable resources 102 Receiving notiications 103 Performing control actions 104 Summary 105 Chapter 5: The MQTT Protocol 107 Publishing and subscribing 108 Adding MQTT support to the sensor 110 Controlling the thread life cycle 110 Flagging signiicant events 111 Connecting to the MQTT server 112 Publishing the content 113 Adding MQTT support to the actuator 115 Initializing the topic content 115 Subscribing to topics 115 Receiving the published content 116 Decoding and parsing content 117 Adding MQTT support to the controller 118 Handling events from the sensor 118 Decoding and parsing sensor values 119 Subscribing to sensor events 120 Controlling the actuator 120 Controlling the LED output 120 Controlling the alarm output 121 Summary 123 Chapter 6: The XMPP Protocol 125 XMPP basics 126 Federating for global scalability 126 Providing a global identity 127 Authorizing communication 128 Sensing online presence 128 Using XML 129 Communication patterns 129 Extending XMPP 130 Connecting to a server 131 Provisioning for added security 132 Adding XMPP support to a thing 133 Connecting to the XMPP network 133Table of Contents [ v ] Monitoring connection state events 134 Notifying your friends 135 Handling HTTP requests over XMPP 135 Providing an additional layer of security 136 The basics of provisioning 136 Initializing the Thing Registry interface 138 Registering a thing 139 Updating a public thing 140 Claiming a thing 140 Removing a thing from the registry 140 Disowning a thing 141 Initializing the provisioning server interface 142 Handling friendship recommendations 142 Handling requests to unfriend somebody 143 Searching for a provisioning server 143 Providing registry information 145 Maintaining a connection 145 Negotiating friendships 146 Handling presence subscription requests 147 Continuing interrupted negotiations 148 Adding XMPP support to the sensor 149 Adding a sensor server interface 149 Updating event subscriptions 149 Publishing contracts 150 Adding XMPP support to the actuator 151 Adding a controller server interface 151 Adding XMPP support to the camera 152 Adding XMPP support to the controller 153 Setting up a sensor client interface 153 Subscribing to sensor data 153 Handling incoming sensor data 154 Setting up a controller client interface 155 Setting up a camera client interface 157 Fetching the camera image over XMPP 157 Identifying peer capabilities 158 Reacting to peer presence 159 Detecting rule changes 160 Connecting it all together 161 Summary 162Table of Contents [ vi ] Chapter 7: Using an IoT Service Platform 163 Selecting an IoT platform 164 The Clayster platform 164 Downloading the Clayster platform 164 Creating a service project 165 Adding references 165 Making a Clayster module 166 Executing the service 167 Using a package manifest 167 Executing from Visual Studio 168 Coniguring the Clayster system 168 Using the management tool 169 Browsing data sources 170 Interfacing our devices using XMPP 171 Creating a class for our sensor 172 Finding the best class 172 Subscribing to sensor data 173 Interpreting incoming sensor data 174 Creating a class for our actuator 175 Customizing control operations 175 Creating a class for our camera 176 Creating our control application 176 Understanding rendering 177 Deining the application class 178 Initializing the controller 178 Adding control rules 179 Understanding application references 180 Deining brielets 180 Displaying a gauge 181 Displaying a binary signal 182 Pushing updates to the client 184 Completing the application 185 Coniguring the application 186 Viewing the 10-foot interface application 186 Summary 188 Chapter 8: Creating Protocol Gateways 189 Understanding protocol bridging 190 Using an abstraction model 191 The basics of the Clayster abstraction model 193 Understanding editable data sources 193Table of Contents [ vii ] Understanding editable objects 194 Using common data sources 195 Overriding key properties and methods 196 Controlling structure 196 Publishing properties 197 Publishing commands 197 Handling communication with devices 197 Reading devices 198 Coniguring devices 198 Understanding the CoAP gateway architecture 198 Summary 200 Chapter 9: Security and Interoperability 201 Understanding the risks 201 Reinventing the wheel, but an inverted one 202 Knowing your neighbor 203 Modes of attack 203 Denial of Service 203 Guessing the credentials 204 Getting access to stored credentials 204 Man in the middle 205 Snifing network communication 205 Port scanning and web crawling 206 Search features and wildcards 207 Breaking ciphers 207 Tools for achieving security 208 Virtual Private Networks 208 X.509 certiicates and encryption 209 Authentication of identities 209 Usernames and passwords 210 Using message brokers and provisioning servers 211 Centralization versus decentralization 211 The need for interoperability 212 Solves complexity 212 Reduces cost 212 Allows new kinds of services and reuse of devices 213 Combining security and interoperability 213 Summary 214

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