一、原子操作类简介
JDK1.5开始提供了java.util.concurrent.atomic包,其中有一系列用法简单、性能高效、可以线程安全更新变量的原子操作类,目前(JDK1.7)大概有这么些:
二、原子操作类实现原理
以AtomicInteger为例看下源码,其中的两个方法getAndSet,getAndIncrement,都是无限循环调用compareAndSet,直到成功,CAS方法调用的是unsafe的方法,目前unsafe限制越来越严,也不建议程序员使用了,这里不做分析。源码如下:
public class AtomicInteger extends Number implements java.io.Serializable {
/**
* Atomically sets to the given value and returns the old value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
* @return the previous value
*/
public final int getAndSet(int newValue) {
for (;;) {
int current = get();
if (compareAndSet(current, newValue))
return current;
}
}
/**
* Atomically increments by one the current value.
*
* @return the previous value
*/
public final int getAndIncrement() {
for (;;) {
int current = get();
int next = current + 1;
if (compareAndSet(current, next))
return current;
}
}
/**
* Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
* if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
*
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return true if successful. False return indicates that
* the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
*/
public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update) {
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
}
}