多媒体播放器配置（使用MediaPlayer）

一、权限声明

如果播放的音频流来自网络，需声明权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

如果想让播放期间屏幕不息屏，可以调用MediaPlayer.setScreenOnWhilePlaying() 或

MediaPlayer.setWakeMode()方法，需要权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

二、MediaPlayer支持多种媒体来源，如：app本地资源（row文件夹下）；内部URI，外部URL。

如播放本地row文件夹下的音频资源：

MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(context, R.raw.sound_file_1);
mediaPlayer.start(); // no need to call prepare(); create() does that for you

注：此处无需调用prepare（）方法。
播放内部URI指定资源：

Uri myUri = ....; // initialize Uri here
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(getApplicationContext(), myUri);
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.start();

播放外部URL指定资源：

String url = "http://........"; // your URL here
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(url);
mediaPlayer.prepare(); // might take long! (for buffering, etc)
mediaPlayer.start();

注：prepare（）方法需要做一些资源解码操作，所以应避免在主线程中调用。可以选择调用prepareAsync()方法，该方法

进行异步的音频解码，同时给MediaPlayer设置一个MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener，如：

public class MyService extends Service implements MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener {
    private static final String ACTION_PLAY = "com.example.action.PLAY";
    MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer = null;

    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        ...
        if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_PLAY)) {
            mMediaPlayer = ... // initialize it here
            mMediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(this);
            mMediaPlayer.prepareAsync(); // prepare async to not block main thread
        }
    }

    /** Called when MediaPlayer is ready */
    public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer player) {
        player.start();
    }
}

三、处理异步差错，当进行异步资源加载时，可能出现一些异常，此时可以实现MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener接口，并在
onError（）方法中进行差错处理，如：

public class MyService extends Service implements MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener {
    MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;

    public void initMediaPlayer() {
        // ...initialize the MediaPlayer here...

        mMediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra) {
        // ... react appropriately ...
        // The MediaPlayer has moved to the Error state, must be reset!
    }
}

注：当出现差错时，MediaPlayer进入Error状态。

四、当设备息屏一段时间后，CPU，WiFi硬件等会停止工作，为使你的app能够在这种条件下运行，应该使用"wake locks"，"wake lock"就是告诉系统即使手机息屏了，你的

app仍需要使用一些硬件特性，如WiFi，CPU等。这种特征应该合理使用，因为会增加应用耗电量。可以通过调用setWakeMode()方法，如：

mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
// ... other initialization here ...
mMediaPlayer.setWakeMode(getApplicationContext(), PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK);

上述只保证了CPU的可用性，如果你的app播放的是网络资源，应该同时保留WiFi特性，如：

WifiLock wifiLock = ((WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE))
    .createWifiLock(WifiManager.WIFI_MODE_FULL, "mylock");

wifiLock.acquire();

注：当退出播放时，记得释放资源：wifiLock.release();

五、使用前台服务：用户可以明显的意识到播放音乐的服务在运行，因此该服务应该具有较高的优先级，不会轻易的被杀死，所以应该设置成前台服务，要想升级为前台服务，你必须在设备通知栏创建一个通知，然后调用startForeground()方法，并且当用户点击通知时，跳转到程序界面与用户交互，如：

String songName;
// assign the song name to songName
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0,
                new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class),
                PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
Notification notification = new Notification();
notification.tickerText = text;
notification.icon = R.drawable.play0;
notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
notification.setLatestEventInfo(getApplicationContext(), "MusicPlayerSample",
                "Playing: " + songName, pi);
startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);

注：记得在不需要服务的时候，停止前台设置：stopForeground(true);

六、处理音频焦点的改变：

public void onAudioFocusChange(int focusChange) {
    switch (focusChange) {
        case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN:
            // resume playback
            if (mMediaPlayer == null) initMediaPlayer();
            else if (!mMediaPlayer.isPlaying()) mMediaPlayer.start();
            mMediaPlayer.setVolume(1.0f, 1.0f);
            break;

        case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS:
            // Lost focus for an unbounded amount of time: stop playback and release media player
            if (mMediaPlayer.isPlaying()) mMediaPlayer.stop();
            mMediaPlayer.release();
            mMediaPlayer = null;
            break;

        case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT:
            // Lost focus for a short time, but we have to stop
            // playback. We don't release the media player because playback
            // is likely to resume
            if (mMediaPlayer.isPlaying()) mMediaPlayer.pause();
            break;

        case AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS_TRANSIENT_CAN_DUCK:
            // Lost focus for a short time, but it's ok to keep playing
            // at an attenuated level
            if (mMediaPlayer.isPlaying()) mMediaPlayer.setVolume(0.1f, 0.1f);
            break;
    }
}

注：需要Android系统版本2.2（API Level 8）。

七、使用内容解析者获取本地音乐：

ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
if (cursor == null) {
    // query failed, handle error.
} else if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) {
    // no media on the device
} else {
    int titleColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE);
    int idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID);
    do {
       long thisId = cursor.getLong(idColumn);
       String thisTitle = cursor.getString(titleColumn);
       // ...process entry...
    } while (cursor.moveToNext());
}

八、播放本地音乐：

long id = /* retrieve it from somewhere */;
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
        android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, id);

mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mMediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(getApplicationContext(), contentUri);

注：id值对应android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID列。