Java框架之shiro（01）核心功能

shiro 概述

一、shiro 简介

1、shiro 是什么

• Shiro 是一个强大灵活的开源安全框架，可以用于应用程序的身份验证，授权，会话管理和加密。
  

2、主要功能

• Authentication：有时也简称为“登录”，这是一个证明用户是他们所说的他们是谁的行为。
• Authorization：访问控制的过程，也就是决定什么用户访问什么资源。
• Session Management：管理用户特定的会话，即使在非 Web 或 EJB 应用程序。
• Cryptography：通过使用加密算法保持数据安全同时易于使用。

3、支持特性

• Web支持：Shiro 提供的 web 支持 api ，可以很轻松的保护 web 应用程序的安全。
• 缓存：缓存是 Apache Shiro 保证安全操作快速、高效的重要手段。
• 并发：Apache Shiro 支持多线程应用程序的并发特性。
• 测试：支持单元测试和集成测试，确保代码和预想的一样安全。
• Run As：这个功能允许用户假设另一个用户的身份(在许可的前提下)。
• Remember Me：跨 session 记录用户的身份，只有在强制需要时才需要登录。
   

二、第一个shiro程序

1、使用说明

• maven构建工程，log4j输出日志
• idea终端里，当前工程目录下使用 mvn compile exec:java 命令运行程序，直接运行测试的类不会输出测试的信息

2、目录结构

3、关键文件内容及代码

• pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.stan</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>shiro-start</name>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- This plugin is only to test run our little application. It is not
            needed in most Shiro-enabled applications: -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>java</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <configuration>
                    <classpathScope>test</classpathScope>
                    <mainClass>QuickStart</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Shiro use SLF4J for logging. We'll use the 'simple' binding
        in this example app. See http://ww.slf4j.org for more info. -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

• shiro配置文件

[users]
root = secret, admin
guest = guest, guest
presidentskroob = 12345, president
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

[roles]
admin = *
schwartz = lightsaber:*
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

• log4j配置文件

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=TRACE
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

• 测试类

public class QuickStart {
   
    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QuickStart.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
        log.info("My First Apache Shiro Application");
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        //get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
   
            log.info("Retrieved the correct vlaue! [" + value + "]");
        }
        //let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
   
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "1223");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
   
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
   
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
   
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
   
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // … catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
   
                //unexpected condition? error?
            }
        }
        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + " ] logged in successfully.");
        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
   
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
   
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }
        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
   
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
        } else {
   
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }
        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
   
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5' . " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
   
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }
        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

 

三、shiro 架构

1、架构图

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