低级定时控制

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-23 09:28:49 发布

starEye

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-23 09:28:49 发布

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分类专栏： VC++学习心得文章标签： application null class windows initialization include

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/starEye/article/details/1621580

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低级定时控制:
1.定时器跟踪时间的所遇到的一些困难:
首先、定时器传递消息
第二、定时器并不那么准确
第三、在大多数游戏循环中，都希望能够强制主程序以指定桢数运行，而且桢数不能过高，定时器在这方面并不擅长。

2.游戏锁定桢数，需要查询系统时钟，然后运行差动测试来检查过去了多少时间。
Win32 API 具有这样的功能，称之为GetTickCount();
原型:DWORD GetTickCount(void)
返回:返回从Windows启动后的毫秒数

3例子:看下面是如何确认程序块以准确的30fps或33.33毫秒的延迟方式运行:
//get the starting time
DWORD start_time = GetTickCount();

//do work,draw frame,whatever

//now wait until 33 milliseconds has elapsed
while((GetTickCount() - start_time)<33)

4一个类似屏幕保护的程序例子:
// DEMO2_4.CPP - A complete windows program with a slighty
// different main event loop

// INCLUDES ///
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // just say no to MFC

#include <windows.h> // include all the windows headers
#include <windowsx.h> // include useful macros
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// DEFINES

// defines for windows
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME "WINCLASS1"

// GLOBALS

// FUNCTIONS //
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,
          UINT msg,
                            WPARAM wparam,
                            LPARAM lparam)
{
// this is the main message handler of the system
PAINTSTRUCT  ps;  // used in WM_PAINT
HDC    hdc; // handle to a device context

// what is the message
switch(msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
// do initialization stuff here

        // return success
  return(0);
  } break;

case WM_PAINT:
  {
  // simply validate the window
  hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
  // you would do all your painting here
        EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);

        // return success
  return(0);
     } break;

case WM_DESTROY:
  {
  // kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message
  PostQuitMessage(0);

        // return success
  return(0);
  } break;

default:break;

} // end switch

// process any messages that we didn't take care of
return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam));

} // end WinProc

// WINMAIN
int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,
     HINSTANCE hprevinstance,
     LPSTR lpcmdline,
     int ncmdshow)
{

WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create
HWND hwnd; // generic window handle
MSG msg; // generic message

// first fill in the window class stucture
winclass.cbSize         = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
winclass.style   = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC |
                          CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
winclass.cbClsExtra  = 0;
winclass.cbWndExtra  = 0;
winclass.hInstance  = hinstance;
winclass.hIcon   = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
winclass.hCursor  = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winclass.lpszClassName = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
winclass.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

// register the window class
if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
return(0);

// create the window
if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                  // extended style
                            WINDOW_CLASS_NAME,     // class
          "Your Basic Window++", // title
          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,
           0,0,     // initial x,y
          400,400, // initial width, height
          NULL,     // handle to parent
          NULL,     // handle to menu
          hinstance,// instance of this application
          NULL))) // extra creation parms
return(0);

// enter main event loop, but this time we use PeekMessage()
// instead of GetMessage() to retrieve messages

HDC hdc;
int x1 = rand()%100;
int x2 = 100 + rand()%100;
int y1 = rand()%100;
int y2 = 100 + rand()%100;
int vx1 = -2 + rand()%5;
int vy1 = -2 + rand()%5;
int vx2 = -2 + rand()%5;
int vy2 = -2 + rand()%5;
int count=0;
DWORD start_time;
HPEN p = CreatePen(PS_SOLID,1,RGB(rand()%256,rand()%256,rand()%256));
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);

hdc = GetDC(hwnd);

while(TRUE)
{
// test if there is a message in queue, if so get it

start_time = GetTickCount();

if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
    {
    // test if this is a quit
       if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
           break;

    // translate any accelerator keys
    TranslateMessage(&msg);

    // send the message to the window proc
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
    } // end if

    // main game processing goes here
// Game_Main(); // or whatever your loop is called

count++;

if(count>=100)
{
count = 0;

p = CreatePen(PS_SOLID,1,RGB(rand()%256,rand()%256,rand()%256));
}

SelectObject(hdc,p);

if((x1+vx1)<0||(x1+vx1)>400)
{
vx1=-vx1;

x1 = x1 + vx1;
}
else
x1 = x1 + vx1;

if((x2+vx2)<0||(x2+vx2)>400)
{
vx2=-vx2;

x2 = x2 + vx2;
}
else
x2 = x2 + vx2;

if((y2+vy2)<0||(y2+vy2)>400)
{
vy2=-vy2;

y2 = y2 + vy2;
}
else
y2 = y2 + vy2;

if((y1+vy1)<0||(y1+vy1)>400)
{
vy1=-vy1;

y1 = y1 + vy1;
}
else
y1 = y1 + vy1;